Different Scale Of Production And Operation For Wheat-corn Synthesis Effect Of Efficiency

"Large country small farmer" is the basic national condition in China.The number of small farmers accounts for 98.1 % of agricultural households.The key question for the modernization of agriculture is small farmers.The difficulty is scale management.Developing appropriate scale and fostering new types of business entities can properly handle the relationship between small farmers and the scale of land,and improve the overall efficiency of agriculture.In this context,this study take grain production areas of Hebei province as an example.The objective was to study the comprehensive efficiency of farmers with different scale of production and operation under the wheat-maize annual two-cropping system,and analysis of the main factors affecting the operation scale of wheat and corn,and further explore the most suitable grain land operation scale in the main grain land producing areas of Hebei province.This studies selected three sample areas of Zhaoxian County,Xingtaining Jin and Baoding Qingyuan,which belongs the Taihang Mountain Front Plain in the main grain-producing areas of Hebei Province.20 small farmers and 40 new business entities were investigated.By using the hierarchical clustering method,the sample household input and output data are divided into 7 scale ranges,which were(0-50 mu)and [50-150mu),[150-250 mu),[250-400 mu),[400-650 mu),[650-1500 mu),[1500-2000 acres).Input-output data of food land of different scale range were Analyzed by data envelope model(DEA),in order to comparing the comprehensive efficiency,and the optimal scale range was obtained.The influencing factors such as land area,labor input,land input,sales price,etc were analyzed by using Tobit model.The main findings were as follows:(1)The optimal size of family farms and large growers was 150-250 mu in Hebei Province,and their overall efficiency can be relatively optimal.The optimal production scale of the cooperative is 1500-2000 mu,which can better play the advantage of scale.These two scales were the optimal operating scale under the current conditions in annual two-cropping system and economic technology and productivity levels of Hebei Province.(2)Only 10 % of the total number of cultivators in Hebei province had the bestcomprehensive efficiency of operating scale,and 90 % of the cultivators have more room for improvement and optimization.The main reason for the non-optimal integrated efficiency was that the scale efficiency is not effective.The production factors have not been optimally allocated,and the production scale can be adjusted appropriately and the production factors could be scientifically and rationally allocated.(3)Analysis of main factors affecting the comprehensive efficiency of different production and operation scale using Tobit Model.The following seven indicators had been identified as the main factors influencing the overall efficiency of food and land:The influence coefficient of the land area is 0.0000,which was negatively related at the significant test of 1% level,and the impact is most significant.The significant coefficients of age,education,labor input,land division,price of corn sales units,and land input were 0.0191,0.0810,0.0460,0.0280,0.0480 and 0.0164,respectively.The impact was the second most significant.Seed cost,fertilizer cost,machinery cost,indirect cost,and wheat sales unit price had no significant impact on the overall efficiency of plantation households.Based on to the above results,the following conclusions can be conclude.Family farms and large growers 150-250 mu,cooperatives 1500-2000 mu are the optimal scale range,and the comprehensive efficiency was high under the conditions of the annual two-cropping system and the water and heat conditions in Hebei Province.The comprehensive efficiency was mainly affected by seven major factors.Namely that,land operating area,age,education level,labor input,land division number,price of corn sales unit and land input cost.Based on to the above conclusions,the countermeasures are as follows:(1)According to the scale of farmers,"according to households" guide growers to develop a moderate scale.(2)Establish an effective connection model of "small farmers and new business entities" to integrate land.(3)We should optimize the subsidy structure and set up tiered subsidies to reduce input costs and increase farmers' enthusiasm.(4)We should strengthen training in the professional skills of new business entities.