Study On Spatial Pattern Optimization Of Rural Residential Areas In Mountains Based On Ecological Risk

With the putting forward of the rural revitalization strategy and the promoting of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy,it brings challenges for rural rectification and planning.At the same time,the deepening of land use behavior has brought great pressure on the ecological environment,so the construction of ecological civilization has been elevated to the level of national strategy.Rural residential areas are an important part of rural construction land,especially in the mountains,land resources are scarce and natural geographical conditions are special,it makes the ecosystems vulnerable particularly.The unreasonable development of rural residential areas in mountainous areas pose a threat to the ecological environment.Therefore,based on the ecological concept to optimize the pattern of rural residential areas,can not only enable the orderly development of rural residential areas,but also maintain the ecological balance.So it is an important guarantee to achieve the revitalization of rural areas and the overall development of urban and rural areas.This paper taked Laiyuan County which is located in the Taihang Mountainous Area as the research area,constructed the framework of county ecological risk assessment,ecological damage index method is used to evaluate the county ecological risk,the regional ecological risks were classified into different levels.At the same time,the gravity model was used to construct the complex network of rural residential areas in county areas,evaluate the node level of rural residential areas in the network.Based on the results of ecological risk assessment and residential area intensity assessment,rural residential areas in Laiyuan County were divided into four optimization types.So as to provide reference for the development strategy of rural residential areas in the future.Through this study,the main conclusions were as follows:(1)By constructing a county ecological risk assessment framework to evaluate the comprehensive ecological risk of the county,the ecological risk of Laiyuan County was low overall,showing a distribution pattern of low northeast and high southeast.Laiyuan County was divided into 4 classes of ecological risk zones.Among them,rank?ecological risk area with a total of 95644.74 hm~2,accounting for 39.34%of the county.Rank?ecological risk area with a total of 123336.48 hm~2,accounting for 50.73%of the county.Rank?ecological risk area with a total of 23646.63 hm~2,accounting for9.73%of the county.Rank?ecological risk area with a total of 514.10 hm~2,accounting for 0.21%of the county.(2)By constructing a complex network of rural residential areas in the county,the radiation intensity of rural residential nodes in Laiyuan County was obtained,and the radiation intensity from inside to outside was gradually decreasing.The rural residential node was divided into four levels.Thereinto,there were 42first-level nodes with a total area of 816.30 hm~2,accounting for 18.23%of Laiyuan County rural residential areas.There were 63 second-level nodes with a total area of 1133.50 hm~2,accounting for 25.32%of Laiyuan County rural residential areas.There were 93 third-level nodes with the total area of 1441.93 hm~2,accounting for 32.21%of Laiyuan County rural residential areas.There were 87 fourth-level nodes with a total area of 1084.92 hm~2,accounting for 24.24%of Laiyuan County rural residential areas.In the complex network of rural residential areas in the county,the third-level nodes were the most and the first-level nodes were the least.(3)According to the level of ecological risk and the level of rural settlement nodes,they were coupled to the rural residential point optimization type in Laiyuan County,forming a spatial pattern of key developing type,potential optimizing type,controlled developing type,migrate and merger type,and determine the migration direction of the migrate and merger villages.In the distribution pattern of rural residential areas in Laiyuan County,79 villages were key developing type,93 villages were potential optimizing type,95 villages were controlled developing type,and 18 villages were migrate and merger type.Then,according to the radiation and gravitation of nodes in the complex network,the migration direction of the village was determined.Upon the final conclusion,the layout of Laiyuan County rural residential areas were as follows:The key developing type rural residential areas were1579.62 hm~2,accounting for 35.29%of the total area of the rural residential areas in Laiyuan County.The potential optimizing rural residential areas were 1650.84 hm~2,accounting for 36.88%of the total area of rural residential areas in Laiyuan County.The controlled developing type of rural residential areas were 1246.18 hm~2,accounting for27.84%of the total area of rural residential areas in Laiyuan County.Based on the constraints of ecological risks in county areas,this study optimizes the spatial pattern of rural residential areas in mountainous areas,to ensure that village development does not pose an ecological threat.And enrich the theoretical basis of the design of the development layout and planning scheme of rural residential areas in mountainous areas in the future.So as to provide technical support in practice,to guide the mountainous rural residential areas to carry out the renovation work.