Study Of Rural Residential Layoutand Optimization Which Is Based On Landscape Ecology

With the rapid development of urbanization and the constructionof new socialist rural area, the conflict between supply and demand of urbanconstruction land, and the phenomenon with wasteful rural land are becoming moreand more remarkable. To solve these problems, it is imperative to research theOptimization layout of the rural residential area. Such research has not only importanttheoretical significance for further balancing urban and rural development, but alsohas great practical meaning for reasonable allocation of land resources and forpromotion of intensive land usage.Facing the current phenomenon with rural residential area layout cluttereddisorder, what research methods should we adopt to analyse them,and to put forwardreasonable optimization layout scheme and Principles about implementation? Toprobe into these problems, this thesis, with Gongyi city of Henan province as a typicalcase, specifically researches the characteristics of rural residential area layout and theoptimization patterns. As an industrialized city of earliest development in Henanprovince, Gongyi city has abundant economic strength and is one of the top100developed cities in China. Correspondingly, it has more remarkable conflict betweensupply and demand of urban construction land because of unreasonable layout in ruralresidential area, and its further economic development has been seriously hindered.Therefore, taking Gongyi city as a case has better representative.This thesis, firstly employing GIS technique landscape pattern analysis methodsof landscape ecology, comparatively studies1990and2008layout characteristics of ruralresidential areas in Gongyi city. Secondly, this thesis researches the factors and lawsimpacting layout evolution from landform types, traffic conditions, population densityand economic development respectively. On basis of this, this thesis, taking theadministrative divisions as the units and using Dutlephy approach to select6indicators about natural landscape and2indicators about sociaty development, andemploying AHP method to determine the weights, establishes complete indicatorsystem evaluating vilage potentials by means of GIS spatial analyses andestablishment of member functions. Furthermore, according to the evaluation scores,this thesis classes all rural residential areas into3types, i.e. key development area(central villages), status reserving area (general villages) and dismantling and merging area (demolition villages). Finally, this thesis put forward optimization schemes aboutrural residential areas in Gongyi city in terms of geographical center hexagon theoryand Thiessen Polygon.The main results from this study are as follows.(1) There are distinctly regionaldifferences between1990and2008in areas, quantity, shape index, spatial structureand distribution situation of rural residential patches in Gongyi city. The performanceof rural residential areas in2008is better than1990, but the overall layout is stillunreasonable.(2) The landform types have significant impacts on layouts of ruralresidential areas in Gongyi city. Overall speaking, the flatter terrain accounts for thedenser rural residential areas and the larger areas. This shows that the conditions oflandform types directly influence the site selection of rural residential areas.(3)Population density has some degree of impacts on the structure and layout of ruralresidential areas. Population density has influences mainly on the total number andfragmentation degree of patches of rural residential areas, but has nearly not impactson the shape index.(4) Traffic conditions have a large impact on the rural residentialareas. Results reveal that the growth of patch density of rural residential areas speedsup as road buffer distance increases.(5) Regional economic development level hassignificant influences on the layout of rural residential areas in Gongyi city. It isshowed that the shape of patch is simpler and its fragmentation degree is lower at themore developed districts in economy.(6) A complete village evaluation index systemis designed. This study selects8evaluation indicators including the distance to centralpoints of village-region, to nearest township, and to nearest major road, from ruralresidential areas, rural per capita net income, gross population, area, and cultivatedarea, of rural residential areas and rural residential areas shape index.(7) A villageoptimization layout scheme is simulated through using various methods.158centralvillages and154demolition villages are determined in this study.Finally, according to the research results, this thesis draws some conclusions, andputs forward the research contents of no depth for discussion.