| Along with the Third Industrial Revolution and the process of Economic Globalization,rapid development of new technology and new industries,the service outsourcing and business division of labor are becoming more and more clear,global trade in services continues to grow rapidly,the role of service trade is becoming more and more important,the core goal of the development of international competitiveness has gradually shifted from commodity trade to service trade,so service trade has gradually become a new hot field of international trade competition and cooperation.Since reform and opening up,China participates deeply in international industrial division of labor in economic globalization,so service trade in China has developed rapidly.Total imports and exports of service trade in China reached $695.68 billion in 2017 and ranked second in the world.But China still faces many difficult problems: Firstly,the exports of service trade amounted to only $228.09 billion,with a deficit of up to $239.5 billion.Secondly,high value-added services,such as capital-intensive services and technology-intensive services,still account for a relatively low share of exports of value-added services,so the structure of trade in services needs to be further optimized.Australia is one of the major economies in the Asia-Pacific region and China-Australia's bilateral economic and trade ties closely.In 2005,China and Australia sign the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement,covering more than a dozen areas such as goods,services,investment and so on.The level of trade and investment liberalization is relatively high.In 2017,bilateral trade between China and Australia reached $125.6 billion,a tenfold increase from $10.44 billion in 2002.China has become Australia's largest trading partner for nine consecutive years,and Australia is China's seventh largest trading partner,surpassing Britain and France.The bilateral trade in services between China and Australia has also been increasing,with an average annual growth rate of 10.8% in 2005-2016,higher than that of 4.6% in the same period of the world trade in services,but in bilateral trade,China has always been at a disadvantage,facing a huge deficit that continues to expand,especially the bilateral trade in tourism services,contributing to most of the deficit.In view of this,this article makes a comparative analysis of the development level of China and Australia's trade in services and the competitiveness of trade in services from three aspects: the general situation of trade in services and the influential factors of international competitiveness of trade in services.First of all,the article introduces the total value of trade in services between China and Australia,the export structure of trade in services,and makes a comparative analysis between China and Australia.In the next place,the article makes a comparative analysis of the international competitiveness of service trade between China and Australia through the international market share,trade competitiveness index and indicative comparative advantage index.Finally,according to Porter's Diamond Model,the article constructs an econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of China-Australia overall service trade competitiveness and China-Australia tourism service trade competitiveness,and makes a comparative analysis between China and Australia.Through the analysis of three levels,the following conclusions are drawn in this article.Firstly,although China is a big trading country,the total import and export of service trade has ranked second in the world,higher than that of Australia,but it faces a huge deficit which is continuously expanding,and the import and export of service trade in Australia tends to balance relatively.Secondly,although the size of China's trade in services is higher than that of Australia,the overall competitiveness of trade in services is not as competitive as that of Australia,and continues to weaken and the gap between China and Australia is widening.China's commodity-related services,tourism services,construction services,telecommunications,computer services have a strong competitiveness and mainly refer to resource-intensive,technology-intensive services,while Australia's tourism services,financial services,personal cultural services have strong international competitiveness and are mainly related to resource-intensive services and capital-intensive services.It is worth nothing that the competitiveness of China's tourism services trade is not only weaker than Australia,but also weakening.Thirdly,fixed broadband subscription ratio and goods trade share both have asignificantpositive impact on the overall competitiveness of trade in services between China and Australia.For every 1% increase in fixed broadband subscriptions and trade in goods,the overall competitiveness of China-Australia trade in services increased respectively by 1.34% and 2.92%.These two factors of share service value added and the exchange rate have a significant impact on the competitiveness of China's overall trade in services.Vigorously developing high-end services and high value-added services are conducive to enhancing the competitiveness of China's overall trade in services.However,the factors of trade openness have a significant impact on the competitiveness of Australia's overall trade in services.The comparison shows that although China gradually liberalizes the regulation of trade in services and foreign access,the level of opening up of trade in services is still relatively low.It is not enough to boost the competitiveness of trade.Fourthly,per-capita GDP has a positive impact on the competitiveness of tourism services in China and Australia,but it plays a more important role in promoting the competitiveness of tourism services in Australia.The urbanization rate and the enrollment rate of colleges and universities have a significant positive impact on the promotion of tourism service competitiveness in China.However,air transport volume and the exchange rate have a positive effect on the promotion of tourism service competitiveness in Australia. |
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