Research On Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Environmental Efficiency Of Tourism Industry In China And Influencing Factors

As a strategic pillar industry for sustained and highspeed growth in the world economy industry,tourism also has environmental problems in terms of carbon emissions,species threat,and garbage pollution in the development process.Tourism environmental efficiency is an effective indicator to evaluate the equilibrium degree of the relationship between the growth of tourism economic and environmental protection in a country or region.The scientific measurement of tourism environmental efficiency and analyze its influencing factors has important theoretical and practical value for promoting the formulation and improvement of tourism cross-regional collaborative environmental governance policy for tourism.In view of this,the environmental efficiency of tourism in 30 provinces data of china from 2001 to 2016 is measured by the super-efficiency DEA model,and then constructs the spatial analysis framework of ESDA-GIS to further reveal the spatial and temporal evolution pattern and process.Finally,the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of its influencing factors is analyzed by using geographically weighted regression model.The results were showed as follow:(1)The tourism environmental efficiency of most provinces from 2001 to 2016 was not high and the overall growth trend is growing,in addition the inter-provincial differences were significant.At the same time,the environmental efficiency of tourism has significant positive spatial autocorrelation and self-organization.There was relatively obvious spatial variability and the spatial variability also expanded in four directions,but structural factors are the dominant factor to cause the spatial variability of tourism environmental efficiency.(2)The key impact factors affecting the environmental efficiency of tourism in each year have difference.In 2001,the key factors affecting the improvement of tourism environmental efficiency were transportation infrastructure,level of openness and profitability of tourism.In 2006,tourism economy scale be replaced by level of openness became one of the key factors affecting the environmental efficiency of tourism in this year,but the level of environmental regulation in 2011 has become a new key factor affecting the environmental efficiency of tourism.By 2016,the replacement of transportation infrastructure by the technological level of tourism has become a key factor affecting the efficiency of the tourism industry.(3)The intensity and direction of the impact factors of the four years have obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity,in particular,t transportation infrastructure and tourism economy scale has changed the most,and the profitability of tourism has changed the least.In 2001 and 2006,the transportation infrastructure was positively promoting the improvement of tourism environmental efficiency in various provinces and cities.In 2011,however,the transportation infrastructure reversed the impact to environmental efficiency of tourism in Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.The scale of the tourism economy showed a positive impact on the environmental efficiency of tourism in all provinces in 2006,but it presented reversed inhibition in some regions in 2011 and 2016.Tourism profitability has been positively driven in four years.