The Market Process Of The State-owned Grain Purchase And Sale System Research On Problems And Countermeasures

There is an old Chinese saying—Food is the paramount necessity of human beings.It is a common sense that eating is the foundation of survival and it concerns the national economy and people's livelihood so as the world has always attached importance to it.At present,China has a large population and ranks the first in the world.Food security has attracted great attention from the Chinese government and the world.In the condition of increasing shortage of resources such as land and water,it is determined that solving the problem of people's eating is always the top priority of our country's current policies owing to the limitations of the grain growth cycle,the rigidity of consumption and the irreplaceable demand of food.As a bridge linking grain production and grain consumption,grain circulation plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring food security,stabilizing the grain market and guiding the consumption of grain.In the whole process of grain circulation,buying and selling is an important part.On one hand it is connected with the peasants,on the other hand it is connected with the citizens.The grain which has been produced is passing through it and the carrier of grain circulation—the grain purchasing and selling enterprises,realize the orderly flow from the fields to the tables.At present,it is the state-owned grain purchasing and sale enterprise that plays the main role in the grain circulation.Under the trend of marketization,not only the grain purchasing and sale has been fully marketized,but also the market subjects have been comprehensively diversified.The relevant subjects of the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system continue to play the main role through competition in the market.However,due to historical reasons and policy deficiencies,the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system has faced many problems and challenges since the market-oriented reform: the negative effects of policies have become increasingly apparent,and the minimum purchasing price has led to high stocks of state-owned grain enterprises and the financial burden of the government has been increasing so that the grain subsidy policy has limited effectiveness;the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system has a single property rights structure,which leads to insufficient competitiveness and weak capability,and also a single type of operation which is not strong in adapting to the market;the separation of government and enterprise is not thorough while multi-head management is exist,and the incentive mechanism for enterprises and employees is imperfect;international large grain traders use their advantages to squeeze the market;and so on.In this regard,it is necessary to start with the definition of the basic concept of the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system,and comprehensively apply the theories of state-owned assets management,macro regulation and public policy,in view of the current situation of the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system and the problems puzzling the grain circulation in China,and to summarize a series of policies,experiences and current practices in protecting grain production and ensuring grain security and maintaining the interests of the farmers from the western developed countries and regions as well as the world's typical agricultural countries.On the basis of tracing the course of reform of grain circulation system in China,analyzing successive changes in adjusting certain policies,the paper starts with the idea of promoting China's grain policy reform and guaranteeing China's grain security,to find the best combination point for safeguarding national food security,protecting the interests of farmers,and improving the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system.At the same time,focusing on the positioning of state-owned grain purchasing and sale enterprises as economic entities,market entities,and macro-control carriers,to further formulate policies and measures to deepen reform of the state-owned grain purchasing and marketing system so as to accelerate its development.Efforts should be made by guiding the national policies,promoting the implementation of departments,and benefiting the development of enterprises,so as to make the state-owned grain purchasing and sale system become bigger,stronger and better in the market reform,and play the role of the main channel of grain circulation as well as effectively help ensure national food security.