Consolidate And Strengthen: The Study Of Grain Purchase And Sale System From 1961 To 1965

This paper, the "Great Leap Forward" and "Cultural Revolution" of 1961-1965 during the adjustment of grain purchase and sale system and its evolution as an inspection object, analyzes the adjustment of grain purchase and sale system and the actual operating results after "Great Leap Forward".I combine a lot of archival material on the study conducted analysis, and strive to achieve the "theory from the history of out" This article is divided into three parts. The first part, the focus of the reasons of adjustment of grain purchase and sale system, included three aspects:first, there are a number of questions of grain purchase and sale system which can not overcome itself. In the poor and white situation, the state in support of industrial development, had deprived of the economic interests of farmers. Food prices stay low and strictly control the free market, the share buyback after the time and so can not be seriously affected production and living of the enthusiasm of farmers. To make a long-term grain purchase and sale system for stable operation of grain purchase and sale system must be adjusted in a timely manner. The second is from the "Great Leap Forward", country faces economic and political situation. Three years of economic difficulties, particularly the destruction of agricultural production, food production decreased; state and the farmer's contradictions, especially after three years of famine, caused a degree of separation of state and rural areas, in order to achieve national integration of the community and reconstruction, must be associated with the vital interests of farmers of grain purchase and sale system adjusted to the relative ease national tensions and the farmers. Third, senior leaders gradually from the "Great Leap Forward" and the people's commune movement of the frenzy calm down, renewed emphasis on research, facts, correct mistakes, to adjust policies. In particular, "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment, improve" the guidelines established, the principal leaders of the party and state's guiding ideology has undergone major changes.The second part is the body of this article, mainly analysis of this specific implementation of adjustment and the situation at the grassroots level. In order to promote the enthusiasm of farmers to produce food, the state has changed the "big buy big sale" of grain marketing policy, to "buy low sell low" change; determine the implementation of "for three years," the food policy, the procurement of a steady at a reasonable level, a certain range, a period of time to re-start the rural food markets to meet the farmers exchange and the basic needs of life; the implementation of sales and redemption system of industrial awards, by material incentives approach to mobilize the farmers sell grain production and the enthusiasm to ensure that the country's foreign exports and domestic industrial development needs of urban residents; raise grain purchasing prices to make the country more balanced and reasonable food prices, maintaining the stability of the market, reversing the situation of buying and selling prices upside down.The third part of this period to adjust the characteristics of grain purchase and sale system and analysis of the effects that grain purchase and sale system, a series of adjustments, reflecting the state after experiencing serious difficulties in the decision-making on a more pragmatic, but these policies have a temporary adjustment of the characteristics, there is no relevant systems, which affect the policy changes play an active role, although promoting the improvement of food production and procurement, but did not achieve a qualitative leap; while stimulating the masses Enthusiasm, but did not terminate the anti-people acts; while easing the relationship between the state and farmers, but did not form a positive interaction.