Study On The Welfare Of Landless Farmers And Its Influencing Factors Of Inequality

At present,the rapid development of cities has led to the conversion of a large number of agricultural lands into urban construction lands and triggered a series of social conflicts,which not only hindered the overall development of urban and rural economy,but also caused an inestimable negative impact on the government’s ability,policy implementation and social stability.Among them,the problem of landless fanners is the focus,and the key to solve the problem of landless farmers lies in the improvement of farmers’ welfare situation after the lost of the land,that is,to improve the welfare level and narrow the welfare gap.Based on Sen’s capability approach and Roemer’s theory of equal opportunity,this paper takes 432 landless farmers in Xiqing District,Dongli District,Wuqing District and Jinghai District of Tianjin as the research objects,uses fuzzy evaluation to measure the current welfare status of landless farmers,and investigates the influencing factors of welfare inequality of landless farmers and their contribution to the welfare gap based on the Shapley value decomposition method of OLS regression.According to the results,it can be seen that:(1)the overall welfare level of landless farmers is relatively low and the welfare index of 84.1%is less than 0.500 between 0.101 and 0.300.As far as the functioning are concerned,the economic situation,social security and work are more weighted in the welfare measure,but the welfare level is lower.The welfare status of other dimensions is better,namely,psychology,personal leisure and entertainment,living conditions and living environment.(2)There are differences in the influence and contribution of 11 inequality factors in individual characteristics,farmer differentiation and human geographical environment on the welfare gap.OLS regression results show that land acquisition intention education level,job opportunities,the proportion of family employment,implementation of commitment period,air quality and land use economic benefits have significant positive effects on welfare,while age,income Gini coefficient and medical expenses have significant negative effects on welfare.Moreover,there are significant differences in welfare levels among the research areas.(3)According to the results of welfare gap decomposition,the contribution degree of inequality factors to welfare gap from high to low is:income Gini coefficient,region,education level,job opportunities,age,number of family employment,land acquisition intention,medical expenses,land use economic benefits,implementation of commitment period and air quality.It can be drawn that the heterogeneity of individual characteristics will widen the welfare gap;many potential inequalities such as employment differentiation,income differentiation,regional environment,and regional policy cannot be ignored;the diversification of the sources of welfare inequality of landless farmers will inevitably increase the resistance of farmers’citizenization.Based on the conclusion,the author suggests raising the compensation standard for land expropriation,expanding the scope of compensation and implementing various compensation methods;encouraging and supporting enterprises that are willing to solve the employment of landless farmers;increasing the implementation of medical insurance and endowment insurance to ensure that farmers who are older or have lost their ability to work can enjoy the fruits of urban development.Meanwhile,government departments should consider the overall situation,try to eliminate the welfare gap caused by the different external environment of landless farmers,especially the regional differences,and set certain standards for the infrastructure and landscape environment of the resettlement sites of district governments and strengthen the supervision of the employment arrangements of district governments.In short,the improvement of the welfare level of landless farmers and the reduction of the welfare gap between individuals and regions are not only conducive to the path of citizenization of farmers,but also related to social fairness and progress.