An Empirical Study On Soybean Production Efficiency In China

Soybean,as one of the main food crops in China,plays an important role in people's daily life and national economy as it has multiple identities of food crops,oil crops and feed crops.Domestic soybean is far from meeting domestic demand,and soybean dependence on foreign countries is as high as 85%.In terms of domestic soybean production,there are natural disadvantages in unit yield and cost between non-GM soybeans grown in China and GM soybeans from other major soybean producing countries in the world.The import of genetically modified soybeans,mainly from the United States and Brazil,has a strong impact on domestic soybeans,which not only affects the income and enthusiasm of soybean farmers,but also greatly restricts soybean processing and market prices by foreign capital,thus endangering China's food security to a certain extent.In recent years,more attention has been paid to the development of soybean industry in China.The continuous promotion of agricultural supply-side reform has provided a good opportunity for the development of soybean industry.In 2016,we abolished the policy of temporary storage of maize and started the work of rotation subsidy for maize to soybean,giving priority to supporting large farmers and family farms.These targeted policies effectively promoted farmers'enthusiasm for soybean planting,reversed the declining trend of soybean planting area year after year,and significantly increased the area and yield of soybean planting,with initial results of the reform.At present,China's soybean industry is still a disadvantaged industry,which needs the support and guidance of the national policy.Improving soybean production efficiency is the fundamental way to meet market demand,alleviate import shocks and ensure food security,and the level of technical efficiency is an important factor affecting soybean production efficiency.This paper calculates the technical efficiency of 10 soybean producing provinces from 1997 to 2017 by stochastic frontier production function model,analyses the changing trend of analytical technology efficiency in time series and spatial characteristics of different regions,and analyses the effect of each input factor on output.The results show that the technological efficiency of the central and western provinces has increased rapidly and there is still room for improvement,while that of the eastern provinces is at a high level and the growth is very slow.With the development of economy and society,the improvement of agricultural infrastructure,the improvement of agricultural machinery equipment level and agricultural machinery matching level,the technical efficiency of soybean production in all provinces has been improved and has a long-term obvious convergence.Seed input has a significant negative impact on output,which is mainly due to the disadvantages of soybean varieties,which confirms the difficulties faced by soybean production in China.Under the existing conditions,the potential of improving soybean production efficiency in some provinces with higher technical efficiency is limited.The main factors restricting the improvement of soybean production efficiency in China are not only the technical efficiency,but also the slow progress of technology.Therefore,measures should be taken in both short-term and long-term to improve the level of soybean production in China.In the short term,it mainly focuses on improving the technical efficiency:promoting the reform of agricultural supply side,optimizing the allocation of input factors,encouraging large-scale operation,strengthening the promotion of agricultural technology,increasing the investment of human capital to cultivate new professional farmers;in the long term,it mainly focuses on promoting technological progress and effectively expanding the frontier of production:strengthening scientific research ibvestment in soybean,timely and appropriate development of genetically modified soybean,innovation Agricultural production and operation system.