Study On The Issues Of Agriculture,Countryside And Farmer From The Perspective Of Urban-Rural Structural Imbalance

Today’s"three rural"dilemma has become an important area restricting the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy and society.Although many scholars who study the issues of agriculture,countryside and farmers have made some theoretical achievements,most of them are confined to the discussion of agriculture,countryside and farmers.They lack a dialectical view of development and contradiction,and cannot accurately identify the issues of agriculture,countryside and farmers.Different from the mainstream economics and the multivariate economics of the local school,Marxist economics,with its rigorous theoretical logic and realistic sense,reveals the law and trend of economic and social development from the perspective of inevitability,which is the theoretical resource for us to discuss the issues of"agriculture,countryside and farmers"and urbanization.Starting from the basic principles of Marxist political economy,this paper examines the dilemma of "agriculture,countryside and farmers"from the perspective of unbalanced urban-rural structure.Firstly,by comparing the urbanization rate with the non-agricultural output rate,and combining with the history and reality,we can see that the level of urbanization development in our country is seriously lagging behind,which leads to the imbalance of urban and rural structure,and the imbalance of urban and rural structure leads to the serious imbalance of economic structure.The division of the economic structure of the three major industries is inaccurate.In the past,the emphasis on upgrading the industrial structure was blindly emphasized.One-sided view was that the larger the proportion of tertiary industry,the better.This understanding masked the essential contradictions between urban and rural areas and economic structure,and misguided macro-policy choices.Through the establishment of the analytical framework of the five sectors,we can see that the overall development of the various economic sectors is inconsistent.From the macroeconomic point of view,the direct crux of the imbalance of economic structure and the restriction of sustained economic growth lies in the insufficient effective demand.The root cause of insufficient effective social demand lies in the large income gap between urban and rural areas and the low income of rural residents.This gap between urban and rural areas is linked to the agricultural sector with a large working population but low output value.Through theoretical reflection,we can see that the structural imbalance between urban and rural areas caused by the lag of urbanization is the key to the problem of"agriculture,countryside and farmers",and it is also the systematic resistance that can not break through the predicament of"agriculture,countryside and farmers".The empirical results also show that there is a direct correlation between the urban-rural dual imbalance structure and the income gap between urban and rural residents.Agriculture,countryside,peasants and urbanization are an inseparable whole.The issue of agriculture,countryside and farmers is only a reflection of the stage characteristics in the process of modernization.To solve a series of macro-problems,including the"three rural"issues,the key lies in transforming the small-scale peasant economy and adjusting the structure through urbanization.By promoting large-scale urbanization process to reduce the rural population,with the transfer of labor force in the agricultural sector,the increase in demand for agricultural products will increase the price of agricultural products.With the decrease of rural labor force,the per capita arable land resources of peasant households have been greatly increased,agricultural production technology has been improved,and large-scale agricultural management has become possible.Until the transfer of surplus rural labor force is completed,agricultural products will be integrated into a unified commodity supply market,and a coordinated and unified labor market and wage rate will be formed between urban and rural areas.Thus,a dynamic and balanced situation of commodity exchange and currency circulation can be constructed,and a reasonable structure of urban and rural population and interests game can be constructed.Gradually eliminate the contradiction between urban and rural areas,which should be the essential content of urban-rural integration.Only in this way can we form a normal economic cycle and interest game structure,and truly solve the"three rural"dilemma.