The Design Of The System To Protect The Working Rights Of Chinese Women Since The Reform And Opening Up

Whether women can enjoy equal right to work in the public sphere is an important perspective of women's economic rights and social status in society.When discussing women's right to work,we generally emphasize two points.The first emphasizes gender equality and the second emphasizes the particularity of women.The first premise,that men and women have equal rights to work,is a general assumption.In the system design of protecting women's right to work,the system of equal right to work between men and women is a superior law,but at the same time,the particularity of women should also be considered,which is mainly reflected in fertility.Feminist scholars such as beauvoir and firestone regard women's reproductive function as the root of women's oppression.As a special physiological activity that cannot be replaced by women,fertility is also one of the major obstacles that prevent women from competing with men equally in the public sphere and affect women's equal right to work.Especially in 2015,when the country opened the policy of universal two-child policy,women's fertility burden and work pressure will be increased under the circumstance of two-child fertility freedom.Therefore,the birth insurance system is of great importance for women to alleviate such obstacles and affirm the fertility value of women.In view of this,the author takes the change of Shanghai maternity insurance system after the reform and opening up as the research object,and investigates the actual influence of the development process of Shanghai maternity insurance on the development of women's right to work in the past 40 years since the reform and opening up.This paper mainly elaborates from four parts.The first part mainly takes the citizenship theory as the theoretical starting point,and summarizes the relationship between citizenship and women's right to work,women's right to work and maternity insurance system.The second part summarizes the vicissitude course of Shanghai maternity insurance system and the vicissitude logic and the main defects of Shanghai current maternity insurance system.The third part mainly introduces and analyzes the overall development status of the birth insurance system in foreign countries,and specifically introduces the relevant experience of the birth insurance system in Germany and Japan.The fourth part is also the key part of this paper.On the basis of the above conclusions,some Suggestions on the optimal design of Shanghai maternity insurance system are put forward.In the design of the maternity insurance system,the pursuit of value is to promote the realization of women's citizenship,and to realize the sustainable development of the maternity insurance system.Not only to continue to expand coverage for maternity insurance system,improve treatment standards,simplify the management process,and the male fertility responsibility also built into the birth insurance system,gives the male parental leave and give birth allowance in the family as the unit to be fixed in the form of policies and regulations,the balance between the sexes labor costs,alleviate gender discrimination,due to labor costs at the same time from the humanistic care to care in parallel with the value of the female,encourage and support women seeking economic independence,improve the social status,value and strengthen the government responsibility,promote fertility cost socialization,the last is by increasing the public care agencies,Reducing gender bias in care,balancing the conflict between women's work and family life,and timely coping with the new universal two-child population policy enable women to break through the bottleneck of career development and better exercise their right to work.In a word,as an important tool to explore the value of female fertility and protect women's employment,the role and value of the maternity insurance system are worth more research.After the reform and opening up,the changes and characteristics of the maternity insurance system in Shanghai may bring us new enlightenment to explore how to improve the design degree of the maternity insurance system in the future.