Research On Ming Dynasty Vocabulary In "Jinling Fansha Zhi"

The Buddhist temple records of Jinling is an official revised Buddhist temple book in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.It records the imperial edicts,government documents,travel notes of literati and epitaphs of tombs related to Buddhism in Ming Dynasty.It records the history and current situation of the Buddhist temples in Nanjing of Ming Dynasty in detail,including the records of land taxes and comprador transactions.The vocabulary is complex and the corpus is rich.Based on the content of The Buddhist temple records of Jinling written in Ming Dynasty,this paper analyzes the ancient words,new words,characteristic words and geographical nouns.There are some ancient and new words in the vocabulary of the Ming Dynasty.The main reason for the preservation of monosyllabic archaic words is the particularity of written language,followed by the uniqueness of semantics,and the third is the division of synonyms.There are three types of monosyllabic words: continuous words,reduplicative words and transliteration words.Most of them can reflect the word meaning.Most of the reduplicative words are used to describe the scenery.Some reduplicative words appear in front and back of the sentence,with distinct rhythm.Transliterated words are mostly from Sanskrit.Some compound words involve homophony.The ways of producing neologisms are rather complicated,including abbreviations,adding morphemes and old words with new usage.Some new words have the phenomenon of morpheme order differences and morpheme transformation.Morphemes of new words are easy to understand and most of them are still active in modern Chinese.The special words in the Ming Dynasty vocabulary of book involve four fields: economic system,Buddhist culture,official system and production materials.The morphemes of special words have the characteristics of specialty,typicality and relevance.Some of them are transliterated words.Some words are limited in context.These characteristics can be used as the definition standard and understanding method of them.The economic system reflects the usage,nature,objects and methods of the taxes in the Ming Dynasty.Buddhist cultural words include noun words,behavioral words and doctrinal words.Many words come from Sanskrit,and the full name and provincial name of some transliteration words appear in the book at the same time.The names of official titles include religious official and common official nouns.In Ming Dynasty,the names of Buddhist and Taoist officials were mostly from religious acts and doctrines,all of which were disyllabic words.The names of Buddhist and Taoist officials at the same level may have corresponding meanings,unified structures or shared morphemes.Production material words include mounting material words of Sutra and other material words,some of which have Buddhist characteristics.There are many geographical terms in the vocabulary of the Ming Dynasty.The structure of geographical nouns is proper name + common name.The common names are monosyllabic words,and some words have regional characteristics and originate from dialects.The noun in the proper name is the most,and the names of animals and plants are the most.The origin of geographical terms includes history,religion,reality and subjective attitude evaluation,and the rhetorical devices include metaphor,personification and metonymy.The reasons for different names of geographical names include taboo psychology,refined and vulgar differences and different perspectives.