Research On Achievements And Characteristics Of Pediatrics In Ming Dynasty

ObjectiveTCM pediatrics is a clinical branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine,it plays an impossibly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of infants and young children.This article systematically collates the related doctors,books and modern literature of TCM pediatrics during the Ming Dynasty,summarizing the Ming Dynasty in respect of physiological characteristics,aetiology,pathogenesis,special diagnostic methods,treatment and various diseases.To explore the achievements and characteristics of TCM pediatrics in Ming Dynasty,in order to provide useful reference for the development of Chinese medicine clinical science,especially TCM pediatrics.MethodsUsing this method which combine "zhong guo zhong yi gu ji zong mu" and modern literature,screening of more than 50 ancient medical statuses and more than 130 modern literature.To comb,analyze and dig up these literature,using this method which combine horizontal theoretical research and longitudinal historical research,and clearing up the history of Pediatrics in the Ming Dynasty from a historical point of view.Analyzing and comparing academic thought with background in this period,thus,collecting and summarizing the achievements and characteristics of the pediatrics of the Ming Dynasty.Makes the academic thinking of pediatrics more abundant and accurate in this period,for clinical diagnosis and treatment providing more effective reference material.Results1.Physiological CharacteristicsIt is a prerequisite for preventing children's disease,having three aspect on physiological characteristics.First is delicate zang-fu and weak body,second is clean zang-fu and easy treatment,third is liver sufficient,heart sufficient,spleen insufficient,lungs insufficient and kidney insufficient.In addition,it is a key factor in preventing the occurrence of children's disease on two ways of raising and caring.2.Aetiology and PathogenesisIt is the causes of children's disease on congenital deficiency,fetal poison,injury by dietary,injury by wind and inadequate care.Children's organs are delicate,weakness and easy to injury by wind or cold evil.Children's yang qi is excess,especially inadequate care,which can develop signs of fever.Sufficient or insufficient five viscera of children's physiological characteristics are also pathological characteristics,which can develop various diseases too.The clean zang-fu and easy treatment of children's physiological characteristics,can illustrate that doctors need to accurate syndromes and medicine which according to indications,then children's diseases are easy to cure.Overall,the above four points are the pathogenesis of children's diseases.3.Diagnostic MethodsBecause of the special nature of children,pulse-taking technique and looking technique become the two most critical links in diagnostic methods.The pulse-taking technique is mainly for children over 3 years old,doctor's can take one finger and pressed three positions which named by Cun,Guan,Chi.The types of pulses:superficial,surging,slow,rapid,ying,yang,cold and hot,and then different pulse express individual disease.For children who under 3 years old,mainly view fingerprint which means "hukou",thus will be described detailedly in the fingerprint.Looking technique mainly include fingerprint and face color.Looking the fingerprint is mainly about children under 3 years old,who looked by doctor on the index finger which boy looks left hand and girl looks right hand.From hukou to fingertip,in turn become feng guan,qi guan and ming guan,which can indicate the depth of disease.Looking the face color is the easiest and the most direct way to observe children's weakness dirty,because "looking consists of observing the patient from the most outer to the most inner components".The main performance are two aspects,one is left cheek of face-liver,right cheek of face-lungs,forehead-heart,nose-spleen,lower jaw-kidney";the other is "liver-green,heart-red,spleen-yellow,lungs-white,and kidney-black".4.TreatmentThe principles of treatment for children's diseases are three aspects:five dirty partition,especially the spleen and stomach,treatment his mother for baby illness.The treatment of children have two aspects too,one is drug therapy,the other is non-drug therapy.Drug therapy is mainly discussed from four aspects:drug principle,prescription characteristics,drug dosage type and method of administration,non-drug therapy is mainly discussed from two aspects of acupuncture,moxibustion and massage.5.DiseaseThis study is mainly focus on pediatric diseases.Author is mainly discussed this passage from four major pediatric diseases and miscellaneous diseases.,miscellaneous diseases mainly include pediatric fever,pediatric cough,pediatric vomiting,pediatric diarrhea,pediatric injury by food,pediatric edema,children's growth and development are slow and soft in five aspects.Every diseases,we combed and summarized the understanding of the etiology,pathogenesis,treatment and prescription of one disease from different doctors.Finally,compare their different points,discuss their ideas and summary the conclusion.ConclusionDoctors in the Ming Dynasty not only inherit previous academic thoughts and clinical diagnosis and treatment methods,but also on the basis of that,they will develop and innovate advanced academic theory and reliable technology,for example,the formation of medical cases and the creation of pediatric massage,which give people more thoughts and inspiration.It allows to be more than just a drug in clinical terms,but also to choose a wider range of treatment options,such as acupuncture,moxibustion and massage.Thus,it not only enriched TCM pediatrics system,but also played a positive role and far-reaching influence on the development of TCM pediatrics.