Civil Fuel Industry And Shanghai Society 1926-1949

As one of the most basic and important industries in Shanghai,the civil fuel industry in Shanghai is an industry that Shanghai residents rely on to cook and maintain their livelihood,which plays a crucial role in maintaining the daily life of Shanghai residents.The research object of this paper is the civil fuel sales industry and its working groups in modern Shanghai,such as firewood and charcoal industry,tree and firewood industry,grass and firewood industry,mechanism and briquette industry,etc.Diesel fuel coal is the most important modern Shanghai residents living fuel,coal diesel fuel are heavily dependent on external supplies,and water transportation,including wood fuels to rely mainly on dense water network between jiangsu arrive in Shanghai in the form of inland waterway transport is given priority to,fuel and coal mainly by rail and sea transport in the form of combination of the coal can be through the first of nanjing-chuxian section on jin-pu railway rail designed by bac ninh,plain region,PingHan,such as railway system will be transported to the corresponding port and supplemented by shipping lines to Shanghai,by sea transport routes have tianjin-Shanghai,qinhuangdao,Shanghai line,lianyungang-Shanghai line,the stone mortar-Shanghai line and so on six routes.The civil fuel industry in Shanghai,such as straw and firewood,appeared as early as the Ming dynasty,but its development was relatively slow until the 1920 s and 1930 s.For civilian fuel industry is the floorboard of the coal and wood industry,including several industries,civilian fuel at the same time also is living necessities,therefore,the development of the industry itself has certain complexity,especially in the 30 s,the development of Shanghai civil fuel is more like the situation in China at that time the ups and downs,some development in the twists and turns,some stick to in trouble,also some depressed,in general,in the same period,civilian fuel industry overall development present is not plain sailing,but stir twists and turns.The operating pattern of civil fuel industry is also quite distinctive.The trading mode and store scale of coal industry and diesel industry are quite different.The main way of trading in the industry of firewood is to sell and sell on behalf of customers,while the coal industry,especially the owners of coal briquette,depends on the way of trading on the list of stack and selling with batch.Generally speaking,the scale of stores in the firewood industry is far smaller than that in the coal ball industry.Only in the form of capital organization,there is little difference,which is divided into three types: sole proprietorship,joint venture and joint stock limited company.There are also some differences among different firewood industries.As mentioned in the first paragraph,the transportation mode and route of coal and diesel fuel determine the factors of origin and the smooth situation of transportation,which are directly related to the stability of civil fuel supply in modern Shanghai.After the mid-1920 s,the surging revolutionary movement and Japan's increasingly intensified aggression against China,especially the aggression against north China,interfered with the transportation of civil fuel in Shanghai.The supply of civil fuel in Shanghai was out of balance.During this period,the supply of diesel fuel was not significantly affected.However,after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the production areas of diesel fuel were hit by war,and the coal and diesel fuel were in short supply.After that,until the liberation,the supply of civilian fuel in Shanghai failed to return to the normal level.The instability of civil fuel supply first affects the livelihood of residents.Ordinary residents have to tighten their belts,save money,raise the cost of living,restrict recreational activities and electricity,and other problems plaguing ordinary residents in Shanghai.For the disorders of civil fuel,trade associations,Chambers of commerce and government consistent efforts,according to their ability to source respectively from organization,unified distribution,policy support and so on multiple levels,struggled to maintain civil fuel supply,it has a positive influence for stable fuel market,but the external environment of war is always can't change,caused any measures can basically achieve a steady supply of civil fuel.To sum up,the investigation of the civil fuel industry in Shanghai from 1926 to 1949 can not only reflect the basic overview of the civil fuel industry,but also enrich the research on the various living conditions of modern Shanghai residents.According to Shanghai municipal archives of the archival chorography,Shanghai and other areas of historical data,literature data,press and publication of the republic of China and related writings,in Shanghai during the period of the republic of China civil fuel industry and its working groups as the main research object,to the modern Shanghai civil fuel industry to conduct a comprehensive,both to understand the development of the industry,the characteristics of the industry group,also can from the Angle of view of the civilian fuel industry,close to the people the most basic aspects of daily life,more detailed discusses the war under the background of Shanghai social operation system,residents living conditions and life outlook,etc.In this way,the close relationship between industry organizations,society and government can be intuitively and appropriately demonstrated.