Study On The Diversity Of Coastal Wetland Habitat And Its Impact On The Utilization Of Wintering Waterbird Habitat

Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve for Rare Poultry is a tidal flat wetland ecosystem where rare overwintering waterfowls such as Grus japonensis,Grus grus and Platalea leucorodia and other wild animals depend on it.It is an important link connecting birds in different biological boundaries and is an important wintering grounds for waterfowl.Nearly one million waterfowl are wintering in Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve for Rare Poultry every year.It occupies a very important position in the international biodiversity conservation.In order to evaluate the diversified habitats in the core area of Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve and its impact on the habitat utilization of overwintering waterfowls,the diversified habitats for the core area of Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve are planned to carry more Many types of wintering waterfowl provide reasonable advice and countermeasures.Based on this,this paper uses GF-2 remote sensing image and GIS technology,combined with the wetland landscape types and habitat types in the core areas of protected areas,to study the effects of overwintering waterfowls habitat diversity and habitat utilization.Based on the diversified habitats,using the overwintering waterfowls survey data to assess the characteristics and laws of overwintering waterfowls habitat utilization,and provide effective suggestions for relieving the survival pressure of overwintering waterfowls.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The results of GF-2 image classification indicated that the main vegetation types in the core area were Spartina,Suaeda and reed,and the three vegetations showed obvious band-like distribution,indicating the horizontal succession of wetland vegetation in the study area.Among them,the reed vegetation type accounted for 38.61%of the total area of the core area,followed by the Spartina and Suaeda vegetation types,and the water source holds 23.12%of the total area.(2)The habitat types of the study area are highly diverse,and the study is based on water depth factors,plant coverage,food factors and landscape type factors for habitat comprehensive classification research.The results showed that there were 16 habitat types in the core area of Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve,among which 3 were water habitat types,1 was broad-leaved forest habitat type,and the remaining 12 were Suaeda,Reed,and Spartina vegetation habitat types.(3)The wintering birds in the core area of Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve have higher diversity.In the winter of 2016-2017,the Overwintering waterfowl were investigated for a total of 5 orders,8 families and 26 species,of which the national first-class protected species were Grus japonensis and Ciconia boyciana.For the number of species investigated,the most is the anseriformes(which is dominated by anatinae),accounting for 50%of the total;followed by the ciconiformes,accounting for 26.92%.For the population,the anseriformes(anatinae)still dominates,accounting for 68.82%of the total;followed by cranes,accounting for 17.33%of the total,for example there are about 400 Grus japonensis wintering in the core area annually.(4)Habitat diversity is the basis and guarantee for maintaining bird diversity.The tendency of habitat selection for overwintering waterfowl is different,resulting in differences in the use of habitats by different species of overwintering waterfowls.The overwintering waterfowls surveyed avoided the Spartina habitats always,and the habitats used by Stork families,Threskiorothidae,anatidae and Phalacrocoracidae are simply,mainly distributed in the inner areas of open water.And The habitats of the wintering waterfowls of cranes are the most diverse,mainly distributed in the inner areas of the low-covered Suaeda and the low-coverage reed habitat plaques.The lower coverage of Suaeda has the lowest plaque fragmentation and the simplest plaque shape,Is the dominant habitat type of cranes.The Anatinae carried by the water distribution area in the core area are much higher than other waterfowls,such as Stork families and Threskiorothidae.In the plant distribution area,the cranes carried by Suaeda can be the highest in winter;The factors of food,water,etc are favorable for habitat utilization during the wintering process,and the habitat area and high-coverage plants are limiting factors.(5)The area of overwintering waterfowls habitat and the quality of habitat factors are the key factors for carrying the number of overwintering waterfowls populations and the number of species.Therefore,to protect the overwintering waterfowls population,it is necessary to strengthen the protecting of dominant habitat for overwintering waterfowl.At present,it is not only to protect the existing habitats of cranes,Stork families,and Threskiorothidae overwintering waterfowls in the core area,but also creates more habitats for overwintering waterfowls such as Stork families and Threskiorothidae,selectively recovering potential habitat plaques and alleviating The survival pressure of waterfowls during the wintering process.