Habitat Suitability Assessment Of Red-Crowned Crane During Wintering Period In YanCheng Nature Reserve And Analysis Of YanCheng Wetland Protection Vacancy

Habitat suitability assessment plays an important role in guiding the protection of rare and endangered species and is an important reference for evaluating the status quo of species habitat protection.Red-Crowned Crane is the world’s rare and endangered species,for the state I key protected animals.Its largest wintering ground in China is YanCheng Wetland rare birds national nature reserve of jiangsu province(hereinafter referred to as YanCheng Nature Reserve)In 2018 and 2019,the population and habitat of Red-Crowned Cranes in the wintering period were investigated in YanCheng Nature Reserve.The distribution sites of Red-Crowned Cranes were obtained and the micro-habitat factors were measured for the analysis of micro-habitat utilization of Red-Crowned Cranes.Based on the remote sensing image data such as Landsat8 TM and DEM elevation data in December 2018,ArcGis 10.6 software and MaxEnt maximum entropy model were used to obtain the distribution of suitable habitat area of Red-Crowned Crane habitat.Then,YanCheng Wetland was used as the boundary area to extract the environmental factors of the image data for the second time,and the suitable habitat within and outside the protection area was comprehensively determined.GAP analysis method was used to analyze the habitat protection vacancy of Red-Crowned Cranes in YanCheng Wetland covering the nature reserve.The main research results are as follows:(1)The distribution of the Red-Crowned Crane presented the characteristics of the"middle dense,the sparse",mainly concentrated in the core area distribution,south to north buffer,buffer and experimental area in the second,a experimental area,north three experimental area.south north area also have fewer distribution site,north two experimental area and south area of distribution.According to the results of principal component analysis of microhabitat factors,principal component 1 was named as habitat type,principal component 2 as food and water resources,principal component 3 as concealment condition,and principal component 4 as human disturbance.(2)The evaluation results of MaxEnt model after ROC curve are:the AUC value of training set is 0.852,and the AUC value of test set is 0.953.The results of the Jacknife results showed that the habitat type was the most important environmental factor affecting the habitat suitability of Red-Crowned Cranes in the wintering period,and the most significant environmental factor affecting the distribution probability of Red-Crowned Cranes was the reed-grass and alkali-penaeum habitats.(3)The most suitable area of Red-Crowned Cranes’ wintering habitat in YanCheng Nature Reserve is 7444.53 hectares,accounting for 3.57%of the total area of the reserve.The relatively suitable area is 6100.32 hectares,accounting for 2.93%of the total area of the reserve.The sub-suitable area is 3892.04 hectares,accounting for 1.87%of the total area of the reserve.The most suitable habitat area in the core area of the reserve was 7,823.25 hectares,accounting for 34.60%of the core area.The suitable habitat area of the buffer zone was 5992.34 hectares,accounting for 10.56%of the buffer area.The total area of suitable habitat in the experimental area is 3223.29 hectares,accounting for 2.52%of the experimental area.(4)According to the prediction results of the model,the Red-Crowned Crane’s wintering habitat still exists in the wetland outside YanCheng Nature Reserve,and the total area of suitable habitat is 4241.28 hectares,and there are 3 vacant areas for protection.(5)During the wintering period,Red-Crowned Cranes take the core area of the reserve as their main habitat,and the farmland in the northern and southern buffer zones is also an important foraging ground.The overall protection degree of the reserve is good,and the core area has the highest habitat suitability,which is suitable for Red-Crowned Cranes.The farmland in the buffer zone is rich in food resources,which is the main feeding ground for Red-Crowned Cranes.The suitable habitat in the experimental area is small,and the artificial disturbance such as reclamation development,aquaculture and engineering construction is serious,so it is not suitable for the Red-Crowned Crane.In addition,corresponding protection strategies should be developed for the three suitable habitats in YanCheng Wetland outside the protection zone.