Study On The Distribution Pattern And Influencing Factors Of The Endemic Species Of Chinese Birds In Shaanxi Province

Shaanxi Province,with large latitude spans,is located in northwest China.It occupies a variety of climatic and geomorphic types and has higher species richness and avian diversity.The abundance of endemic birds can partially reflect local species diversity.Therefore,the research on the distribution pattern and abundance of endemic birds has significance for determining biodiversity hotspots and birds conservation.This study mainly focused on Chinese endemic birds in Shaanxi Province.We consulted document records and investigated complementally,and sorted out their distribution status in Shaanxi Province.We used Arc GIS 10.2 software for mapping,and addressed the patterns of distribution and abundance of Chinese endemic birds in Shaanxi Province.It is hoped to have reference value to the bird conservation and lays a foundation for further protective projects.The results are as follows:1.There are 37 species of Chinese endemic birds,belonging to 4 orders,16 families and 30 genera.Of these species,34 were listed in the national and international protection,accounting for 91.9%.In terms of resident types,the number of residents,summer breeders,winters were 30,5 and 2,respectively.From the composition of the region,the number of Palaearctic species and Oriental species were 17 and 20,respectively,indicating that the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province is located in the intersection and transition zone of the north and south fauna.2.There are 4 distribution types of breeding birds of Chinese endemic birds in Shaanxi Province.Among them,the number of extensive continuous distribution,extensive discontinuous distribution,narrow continuous distribution and narrow discontinuous distribution were 5,9,9,12,respectively.3.The distribution and variation of Chinese endemic birds in Shaanxi Province have certain characteristics and rules.They are concentrated in the high altitude of the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains in south Shaanxi.Most birds occupy both south and north slopes of the Qinling Mountains.The avian components of Palaearctic and Oriental regions are interpenetrating into each other,forming a broad transition belt.There was no significant change in the distribution of few birds,which were generally narrow and limited.Most birds,under the influence of natural conditions and human activities,have changed more or less.Previously recorded birds that were only distributed in the north or south slopes of Qinling Mountains are now distributed across the Qinling Mountains in both slopes.Most birds tend to spread northward or eastward,or retreat to high altitudes.4.The avian composition and richness of Chinese endemic birds in seven geographical units of Shaanxi Province are different.Most birds occupy only 3?5 geographical units,with limited distribution.From the richness of Chinese endemic birds,the highest is the north slope of Qinling Mountains,followed by the south slope of Qinling Mountains,and followed by the Guanzhong plain,the Daba Mountains and the Han River basin,while the loess plateau and sandstorm area are the least.From the geomorphic type,mountain>plain>basin>plateau>sandstorm area.There is an increasing trend of the abundance of Chinese endemic birds from north to south.From the regional component,the avian abundance of seven geographical units from north to south have a decreasing proportion of Palaearctic species and a increasing proportion of Oriental species.However,there are more Oriental species than Palaearctic species in each geographical unit.5.In all counties of Shaanxi Province,there are more than 25 species of Chinese endemic birds in Zhouzhi county,Taibai county,Foping county and Mei county,these are the counties with the highest richness.Yang county,Ningshan county,Chang 'an district,Zhenping county,Liuba county,Feng county,Xixiang county and Pingli county also have a higher richness.These counties are concentrated in the mountainous areas of south Shaanxi with high altitude and high slope.From the 1950s to the 2010s,with the species diffusion and in-depth investigation,the richness of Chinese endemic species in each county of Shaanxi Province have increased.However,it is still concentrated in the high altitude area of south Shaanxi.Combined with the distribution characteristics of Chinese endemic birds in Shaanxi Province,we discussed the factors that affect their distribution and change,which mainly includes the particular habitat selection,climate change and urbanization caused by the human activity and the resistance of the Qinling Mountains.Shaanxi Province has paid more attention to protect wild animals,but there are still some problems in protection management and protection vacancy.It is recommended to strengthen protection in regions with a large number of endemic species.