Risk Assessment And Prevention Of Farmers` Specialized Cooperatives In Heilongjiang Province

With the gradual improvement of the market economy system,the agricultural modernization pace was becoming more and more quickly,as a family as the unit of a single mode of production and business operation in the market competition to be being washed out gradually,traditional agriculture and modern mode of production began to appear disconnected,the farmers' specialized cooperatives was born.Farmer specialized cooperatives can effectively improve the degree of organization of farmers to enter the market,solve the contradiction between small-scale agricultural production and increase agricultural labor productivity,and obtain the scale benefit.At the same time,it plays a connecting role between the government and farmers,on the one hand,the cooperatives can rationally pass on the various practical needs of the farmers to the government,and on the other hand effectively communicate the relevant agricultural policies of the government to the members.The establishment of cooperatives,not only increased the income of farmers,but also enhanced the organization scale of farmers to enter the market and the ability to resist the market risk.It also promoted the industrialized operation of agriculture to develop,improved the overall level of production of agriculture and comprehensive benefits,was helpful for building a harmonious rural society,the construction of new socialist countryside.However,in the context of agricultural supply-side reform,the mechanism of agricultural price formation is shifting from government support to marketization.In this transformation,farmers' cooperatives were faced with greater risks due to their large scale,single operation and low degree of integration.The risks of cooperatives were of far-reaching significance for the sustainable and healthy development of cooperatives and the progress of the whole agriculture.Based on transaction cost theory,principal-agent theory and game theory as the theoretical basis,using the field research method,factor analysis and other research methods,80 farmers' specialized cooperatives to Heilongjiang province as sample,the questionnaire survey to the cooperative risk screening,select the management risk,financial risk,market risk,natural risk and policy risk,and then establish a risk assessment index system,using the factor analysis method to identify the main risk,to evaluate the size of the risk of Heilongjiang province,and to analyze the differences of different types of cooperative risk;Then find out the problems and restricting factors in the process of risk prevention,and finally put forward corresponding countermeasures and policy suggestions.The conclusion was: under the new agricultural price system,the risks of cooperatives have changed.From the perspective of single index,it was the sales channel,management ability and market price that were more influential.From the perspective of comprehensive indicators,the major impacts were management and financial risk,natural risk,market and policy risk.In the analysis of the difference,it was found that the cooperative risk of the enterprises led by the enterprise was greater,and the cooperative risk of planting corn was greater.Finally,Suggestions were made from the perspective of farmers' professional cooperatives and government.The cooperatives themselves should adjust the operation structure and scope of cooperatives,strengthen the brand construction of agricultural products,increase the professional training of the members of cooperatives,and improve the internal financial mechanism of cooperatives;The government from the following six: improve government management ideas and methods,encourage talents in colleges and universities to cooperatives,reform and improve the agricultural products price formation mechanism,strengthen credit support for cooperatives,improve agricultural insurance depth and quality,we will increase support the construction of agricultural infrastructure.