Research On Load Balancing Strategy And Method Of 3-D Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

As an extension of Wireless Sensor Networks,Underwater Sensor Networks has attracted wide attention in the academic community for its wide application in the marine field.Considering the complexity of underwater environment and the different communication modes between underwater sensor nodes and land sensor nodes,there are great differences between underwater sensor networks and land sensor networks.Underwater sensor networks have many natural weaknesses such as narrow channel,slow transmission rate,high bit error rate,large data transmission delay and other issues.The complexity of underwater environment,the big difficulty of nodes deployment,the uncertainty of the monitor targets,and the weakness of self-organization and reliability of the network bring new challenges to the research of underwater sensor networks.This paper mainly studies two different deployment strategies of underwater sensor nodes and data routing algorithm under corresponding deployment strategies to achieve load balancing and prolong network lifetime.Firstly,this paper proposes a layered deployment strategy for three-dimensional underwater network node spheres,and studies the uniform layered deployment and non-uniform layered deployment of spheres for network load balancing.A routing algorithm suitable for the non-uniform layered deployment strategy of spheres is proposed to achieve the optimal balancing load of the whole network.Secondly,a relay node rotation deployment strategy is proposed under the premise of layered deployment of three-dimensional underwater sensor network nodes,and the conditions for each node to achieve load balancing under the conditions of relay node rotation and non-rotation are studied.It is proved theoretically that the load balancing of the whole network is easier to be satisfied under the condition of relay node rotation,and this conclusion is verified by simulation experiments in different simulated networks.Secondly,a routing algorithm called Minimum Energy Consumption(MEC)is proposed under the condition of spherical non-uniform layered network node deployment.This routing algorithm can always select the node with the least energy consumption from the neighboring nodes as the relay node for data forwarding.Under the strategy of layered and uniform deployment of sensor nodes and rotation deployment of relay nodes,a unique relay node routing algorithm(URR)is proposed.The algorithm is simple,efficient and stable,and it can maximize energy efficiency in different scale underwater sensor networks to achieve load balancing of the whole network.Finally,extensive simulation experiments are carried out under different deployment strategies and different routing strategies in different situations.The results show that the relay nodes rotation strategy of layered deployment is very convenient to deploy,the routing strategy is simple,and the work efficiency is high,which can realize balancing load and prolong the lifetime of whole sensor networks.