Three-dimensional Geographical Routing Schemes For Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network(WSN),a wireless multi-hop network composed of several sensor nodes,is an important part of the Internet of Things.In the traditional WSN,the battery capacity of the node is very limited and needs to be replaced frequently,which brings difficulty in the large-scale application of the WSN.The energy harvesting wireless sensor network(EH-WSN)provides a solution to breaking through the energy supply bottleneck.As in the traditional WSN,how to stably and efficiently transmit data from the source node to the destination node is the main task of the EH-WSN.This thesis studies the routing strategy of 3D EH-WSN.The main research work and innovations are summarized as follows:1.Energy harvesting technology can be used to supply the sensor nodes to extend the nodes' operating period and the WSN's runtime.The three-dimensional geographic opportunistic routing(TDGOR)is proposed for the EH-WSN.The TDGOR divides the sensor network space into multiple cubic regions.Then,it selects one of the forwarding regions within the maximum communication radius as the forwarding region.It determines the forwarding node based on the remaining energy of the candidate nodes in the region and the historical transmission success rate.After the forwarding node is determined,the next forwarding node is determined in the neighboring candidate domain of the forwarding node.It repeats until the destination node of the domain of destination.In addition,a routing hole avoidance algorithm is proposed.The simulation results show that the TDGOR has higher data delivery rate and throughput compared with the traditional wireless sensor opportunistic routing algorithms such as OR and EAOR because it balances the energy consumption between nodes and reduces the end-to-end average latency of data transmission.2.Simulate different values of parameters involved in TDGOR,and compare the effects of different parameter value ratios on TDGOR routing performance,such as packet arrival rate,end-to-end average delay,and node energy consumption balance.A set of better parameter values is obtained as result.To overcome the shortcomings of the TDGOR applied to different scenarios,the improved algorithm TDGOR-P is proposed.We introduced an available node queue caching mechanism for forwarding domains.It reduces the overhead of control packets which are frequently used.The simulation results show that the TDGOR-P has higher packet delivery rate and more balanced energy consumption of nodes than the TDGOR,especially in the case when the nodes are densely deployed.Under the circumstance of continuous transmission of large data volume,the TDGOR-P has a longer network lifetime,a higher packet delivery rate,and balance energy consumption.The proposed TDGOR and TDGOR-P routing schemes have important theoretical and practical significance in extending network life,reducing end-to-end delay of data,increasing network throughput and balancing node energy consumption.