The Endeavor And Scholars Commented On Politics

China under the rule of the Beiyang Government is in a situation of political turmoil and war disasters,however,it constantly produces various ideological theories of saving the nation from extinction and striving for survival.Intellectuals eager for strength at home and abroad choose to use newspapers and periodicals to publicize the way of saving the nation.That was the golden age of thought.A group of liberal intellectuals gathered at Hu Shi's core set up The Endeavor.They actively expressed their attitudes and suggestions on current political and social issues in the main speech positions of The Endeavor,And consciously assume the social responsibility of patriotism,rejuvenation and development of the national elite.The content of The Endeavor mainly focuses on two aspects of domestic politics and literature and art.It covers political theory,military affairs,finance,education,ideology,culture and literature,and has a wide range of topics and rich contents.The author intends to start with the relevant articles on autonomy,finance and education,which are mainly discussed in The Endeavor,in order to examine the attitudes,standpoints and suggestions of diligent colleagues on the core social issues.The article is divided into four parts:The first chapter mainly reviews the background,origin and process of the establishment of The Endeavor.Since the closure of The Weekly Review,Hu Shi has increasingly felt that there is a lack of a domestic political newspaper with both positive views and academic level.After the establishment of Endeavor Society,a group of elites gathered together with Hu Shi as the core,who had similar experience in studying in Europe and the United States,shared common ideas and educational background.On May 7,1922,The Endeavor was founded in Beijing,where Hu Shi was the editor-in-chief.Ding Wenjiang,Zhang Xiuchi,Gao Yihan,Xu Zhimo,Ren Hongjun and Chen Hengzhe are not only good friends of Hu Shi,but also the main authors of The Endeavor.The The Endeavor mainly reports on the political status,military changes,financial situation,local political situation changes of the Northern Warlord Government at that time,articles introducing foreign thoughts and theories,as well as comments on the current situation by Hu Shi and his party.In literary and artistic aspects,there are original novels by Chen Hengzhe and Feng Wenbing,foreign novels translated by Hu Shi and others,and new poems by Hu Siyong and Xu Zhimo.Chapter two combs the reasons why The Endeavor stopped publishing in detail,and makes a quantitative statistical analysis of all the texts of The Endeavor.The author gives three criteria to judge the core author group of The Endeavor,Firstly,the relationship between the author and Hu Shi.Secondly,the number of articles published by the author in The Endeavor.Thirdly,the degree to which the content of the author's articles is in accordance with the theme of the newspaper.On this basis,Hu Shi,Gao Yihan,Ding Wenjiang,Zhang Shuci,Ren Hongjun and Chen Hengzhe are identified as the core authors of The Endeavor,in order to grasp the attitude and views of the core authors on major issues.The third chapter mainly analyzes a large number of articles related to provincial autonomy,finance and education in The Endeavor.On the issue of Joint Provincial autonomy,Hu Shi and others actively endorsed Joint Provincial autonomy,mainly involving the debate between Hu Shi and the people in power at that time,namely Wu Peifu,Sun Yat-sen on the issue of "joint provincial autonomy",the discussion between Hu Shi and Li Jiannong on the process of formulating the federal constitution,and the discussion of Chen Duxiu's remarks on "joint provincial autonomy".On the financial issue,it mainly deals with the causes of domestic financial disorder and the discussion of financial rescue measures,as well as the study of local financial situation in Guangxi and Hunan provinces.On the issue of education,it mainly involves Hu Shi and others' discussion about Cai Yuanpei's resignation,as well as the shortage of educational funds,poor style of study,poor quality of teachers and other specific issues in the field of education.Chapter four mainly studies the large-scale articles about social problems,local situation and social development written by individuals in The Endeavor.The authors belong to the social elite of that era,and they always maintain an objective and neutral attitude.They give their own views on the social situation,and continue to adhere to the consistent style of The Endeavor in discussing current politics and paying attention to society.This paper mainly studies the "municipal" issues raised by Zhang Xiezi,Ren Hongjun's detailed study of the situation in Sichuan,and Tao Yin's works on "the causes of social disorder in China and the ways to save it".These articles are the direct manifestation of the relationship between the author's knowledge and the specific social problems,highlighting the professional and personal interests of the core authors of The Endeavor and other scholars.This paper takes the literature analysis method as the main method,takes the core author of The Endeavor and the key issues discussed by the newspapers as the research object,further explores the scientific nature and academic rationality of the article content,and also highlights the ideological brilliance of that era.Through careful analysis of social problems,we can help people understand the social environment more profoundly,and let us appreciate how the social elite at that time expressed their unique views on the issues of the united provinces autonomy,finance and education.The Endeavor can be regarded as an excellent representative of intellectuals' active participation in social and public affairs in the early 1920s.