Optimization And Design Of Microstrip Antenna Based On Genetic Algorithm

Wireless communication technology is still developing rapidly.Microstrip antenna is one of the most widely used antennas.Its design and optimization is an important step in the antenna manufacturing process.At present,the shape,material,structure are considered when designing the microstrip antenna at home and abroad.Patches of different shapes of microstrip antennas have different surface current distributions,which affect the radiation characteristics of the antenna.Many microstrip antennas have been improved in the original shape by slotting,adding branches,etc.,but have not considered replacing other regular shapes.Therefore studying patch antennas of different shapes plays an important role in their design.In this paper,the design parameters are obtained by the empirical design formula,and then the parameters are repeatedly simulated and fine-tuned.Three different shapes of microstrip antennas with circular,rectangular and equilateral triangles are successfully designed.The three different shape patches designed in this paper work in the commonly used S-bands,which have the same resonant center frequency.Since the dimensional parameters obtained according to the empirical formula and fine-tuning have certain errors,it is necessary to optimize the design parameters,and establishing a complete and specific optimization model is one of the most important and crucial steps.In this paper,a rectangular microstrip antenna with better performance is selected to establish a complete optimization model.First,the return loss is calculated based on the input impedance obtained by the computational electromagnetic analysis.Then the return loss at three frequency points is selected,and the objective function is constructed by linear weighting,so that the antenna bandwidth and impedance matching degree are reflected in the objective function.Finally,considering the condition of excessive and excessive impedance,the return loss is supplemented,and the constraints are added to establish a complete optimization model.In this paper,the genetic algorithm is used to solve the objective function.The simulation results show that the obtained antenna has better impedance matching and better radiation performance than the nonlinear sequential programming algorithm.The main working points of the paper to establish an optimization model are as follows: Firstly,a concrete expression formula is established for the return loss in the optimization model.Secondly,the bandwidth is selected to select the frequency point and the weight is assigned to the design of the optimization target;The expression of the objective function is supplemented by considering the excessive or too small error of the return loss.The optimization and design of microstrip antennas will remain the focus in the future.In terms of design,you can consider using new materials and new structures to build antenna models.In terms of optimization,with the rapid development of computer hardware,you can consider using more sophisticated new optimization algorithms to optimize.