Research On The Loction System Of Fireman Based On Internet Of Things Technology

In daily work and life,due to the weak awareness of fire prevention,especially in high-rise buildings,electrical aging,poor flame management,and inadvertently smoking can cause major fires.Firemen in the fire and rescue work will be in a very dangerous situation,and their personal safety in the grim fire is threatened.When firemen are in distress,if they can't be rescued within a short period of time,serious casualties will result.At this time,the position of firefighters is particularly important.However,the environment of the disaster site is complicated,many noise sources,large concentration of smoke,and weak light,which brings great difficulty to the fireman's positioning.In order to solve the above problems,this paper focuses on the research of fireman positioning system which based on Internet of Things.The system integrates the ZigBee wireless communication module into a reader to form an intelligent reader,install it in the special firefighting equipment with fireproof effect.The fireman's helmet is equipped with electronic labels,and the wrist is wearing sensors for collecting vital signs.Compared with the currently widely used positioning systems,the advantage of this system lies in the fact that the identification function of RFID is used to collect firefighter number information and ZigBee network is used to transmit data.The combination of them effectively solves the problem that RFID technology position communication distance is short and the wireless sensor network is difficult to obtain target detail.In the algorithm design,Gaussian model distribution function and single batch sensor batch estimation fusion theory are used to optimize the measured RSSI data to obtain the optimal value of RSSI.Then,an improved four-edge ranging algorithm is applied to the target node positioning and test results show that compared with the traditional three-edge positioning algorithm,the positioning accuracy of the system is greatly improved,which can meet the needs of the fireman positioning system.The main work of the paper is summarized as follows:(1)The design of the overall scheme of the fireman's positioning system.Firstly,the related technologies of RFID technology and ZigBee wireless communication technology in the Internet of things are analyzed and compared,and several common indoor location technologies are compared.It is decided to integrate RFID technology and ZigBee technology to realize the identification and location function of firemen.After researching the working princ iple of RFID and ZigBee technology and the composition structure of each system,the advantages of RFID and ZigBee technology are combined.Completed the overall framework design of the fireman's positioning system,which uses RFID technology to identify and locate firemen and ZigBee technology collects physical information and serves as a carrier for information transmission.(2)The chip selection analysis and the related circuit design of the fireman's positioning system.According to the essential demand of the system,the RF chip of intelligent reader is made of ultra-high frequency RFID reader chip AS3992 produced by Austria Microelectronics Company and CC2530 chip of ZigBee module embedded in reader.According to the functional requirements of the system,through the analysis on the working performance of AS3992 chip and CC2530 chip,uses ARM9 S3C2440 chip with low power consumption as the main chip of the system,and on this basis,the circuit design of the mobile node module(electronic tag and sensor),router,coordinator and backplane circuit module was completed.Finally,the performance of the system part was tested.(3)The construction of the software program of the fireman positioning system and the establishment of the positioning monitoring system in the host computer.According to the specific operation process of fireman positioning,the embedded Linux operating system was transplanted,and the related software design of intelligent readers,communication protocol conversion,positioning function modules,routers,gateways,and mobile nodes was completed.Qt is used for the software design of the host computer monitoring module to realize the real-time positioning of firemen,vital sign information monitoring,personal information storage and query.(4)The research of the conventional positioning algorithm in the fireman's positioning system.After analyzing and researching the conventional positioning algorithm,an improved four-edge weighted localization algorithm that can be used for fireman's positioning is proposed.The algorithm is based on the four-sided weighting algorithm.Using Gaussian model distribution functio n and single sensor fusion theory to obtain the optimal RSSI value,combined with the gradient descent method to modify the initial coordinate value of the object to be measured and finally calculate the target position.The algorithm is simulated with MATLAB,and the results show that the algorithm improves the positioning accuracy greatly compared with the traditional three s ide location.Through analyzing and summarizing the data,it is proved that the algorithm can effectively compensate for the large positioning error in the three side algorithm and meet the accuracy requirements for fireman's positioning in the fire environment.After the fireman positioning system based on IOT technology completes the debugging and testing,the system can accurately c omplete the real-time acquisition of fireman's location data,the collection of fireman's personal identification information,the transmission of vital signs information and positioning information,the host computer and the ZigBee network communication and other tasks ensure that commanders can acquire real-time information on fireman's vital signs and positioning data,assist commanders in making fire-fighting decisions for firemen,and ensure that firemen can be rescued in a timely manner to minimize the casualties of firemen.