| It is only one year to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects in 2020.General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that poverty alleviation has also entered a crucial stage.The most difficult task is still in the poor areas,and we must make up for this shortcoming."Helping the poor first and supporting the wisdom first" determines the basic status of education poverty alleviation,"poverty first and treating ignorance" determines the leading function of education poverty alleviation,and "poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation" determines the fundamental role of education poverty alleviation.Since the 18 th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC),the CPC central committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has attached great importance to family building.It has issued a series of important instructions,such as "pay attention to family,pay attention to family education,pay attention to family style",and raised family civilization and family education to a new height of promoting national governance,promoting social harmony and enhancing people's well-being.No matter from the short-term target of targeted poverty alleviation or the long-term development of education,the response and development trend of family education of urban poor children will be the target subject that we need to pay long-term attention to in the future.In this article,the author using semi-structured interview method,observation,to the Shanghai J S,conform to the conditions of the object of study to collect materials,with the help of project introduction to social workers,preliminary children's family education present situation of urban poverty is described,based on the exposed problems and explore the advantage conditions,the author analyzes four aspects of.Finally,from the perspective of multiple welfare,this paper tries to increase the content of social work services in the proposal of revitalizing the four welfare subjects,so as to promote more specific and workable solutions to the problems related to family education of urban poor children.The first part of this article,the author through in-depth observation of 17 poor families,from the education resources,education expectations,parental upbringing,and parent-school communication represented by four aspects,the poor children in 17 cities mother field interviews,found that urban poor children family education status mainly for four characteristics: first,education resources,demand fit is low,mainly displays in the economic resources,tuition,and even housing conditions and other hardware facilities is not perfect,direct output limited education resources.In terms of indirect educational resources,although the government,the community and non-profit organizations share some of the responsibilities of families and provide concentrated homework guidance and interest activities,it is obvious that poor families under great pressure to pursue higher education cannot fully meet their actual needs.Second,education hopes to present different characteristics,and through the data are found,the urban poverty families education expected to present two extremes,one kind is originated from higher levels of compensation of mental education expectation,the low level of urban poor children parents most degree,the influence degree,in the career choice,many parents in a passive state,so in order to let the children not to repeat,can have a broader job market in the future,also in order to "change destiny",most parents let the child instead of their own dreams,main show is the present higher education.At the other extreme,parents have problems in their communication with their children.The barriers in parent-child communication lead to laissez-faire education and lower educational expectations for their children's performance.Third,the "mother broker" in parental care shows an overwhelming trend of development.The author found that more than half of the mothers in the interview are playing an indispensable "only" role in family construction and children's education.They are responsible for their children's daily food and clothing,and shoulder the "package" services such as resource links in their children's learning process.Although they are in the workplace,their career choices are dominated by their children.As for the parenting characteristics of fathers,just like traditional Chinese families,fathers of urban poor children are also absent.They are only responsible for the family economic source,rarely have in-depth communication with their children,and do not participate in their children's study and physical and mental development.For the occasional grandparent family members in the family,most of them also focus on the direction of the mother's education,assume the basic needs of food,clothing,housing and transportation,and do not participate in the children's education.Therefore,it presents the characteristics of "intensive mothering" in mothering,"widowed mothering" in fathering,and "strict mother-loving ancestor" in intergenerational rearing.Fourth,the home-school communication motivation of urban poor children is polarized between active and passive.Moreover,due to the rapid development of communication media,the online and offline communication channels are diversified and constantly updated.In the second part,the author analyzes the problems and advantages of the present situation.First,the weak economic foundation shakes the developmental resources of poor children,which is mainly reflected in the fact that the fruits of economic and social development have not yet reached all the poor families in cities.Many families are impoverished because of disability or illness,and it is difficult to maintain the current level of assistance and balance all the educational needs of children.Moreover,it is difficult for poor urban families to maintain the average level of children's educational resources.The economic investment of families is limited.Due to various reasons of poverty,it is difficult for many families to supplement in education after meeting the requirements of food and clothing.Second,the education marketization promotes the solidification of family education concept,which is not only reflected in the traditional concept of division of labor at home and school,a vicious circle,but also reflected in the fact that the mother's care with doubled pressure has become the mainstream concept of parental care.The concept of most poor families has not been updated,that the task of education is on campus,even if the family has to bear the educational task,the pressure is concentrated on the mother.Third,low-density and low-stability social support network weakens the anti-risk ability of poor families.Not only is the inter-generational transmission of poverty leading to loose family support network,but even with the support from relatives and friends,poor families still lack timely and suitable material and spiritual support when encountering risks.Fourth,the low linkage of educational support subjects leads to the low matching degree of welfare resources.Although various welfare support subjects provide corresponding services,there is a lack of communication and planning before making service plans,so there are duplicates or vacancies in educational services enjoyed by poor families.The third part of the countermeasures and Suggestions,the article from the four main service improvement,access to social work service program in the corresponding field.First,we need to focus on the diversification of welfare subjects--strengthening the macro role of the government is the foundation.We should not only advocate the improvement of laws and regulations and protect the basic rights and interests of poor children's family education in accordance with the law,but also accelerate economic development at the macro level and ensure the supply of education and welfare resources for poor children's families.Second,it is crucial to attach importance to the role of the backbone of the family.In the face of the imbalance in parental care,we should not only balance the division of labor in parental care and create a good family environment,but also guide family members to update their educational concepts and optimize the home-school linkage.Third,to promote community education demand service compatibility is the guarantee,whether the social work service or other forms of welfare policy,to adjust measures to local conditions,starting from the demand to explore service mode,at the same time helping parents school construction,rich "home service",to the principle of service to the nearest to provide best service for the family.Fourth,the cultivation of the participation ability of non-profit organizations is complementary.By actively cultivating and supporting the role of non-profit organizations,we can not only supplement other interactive links of main bodies flexibly,but also open up more possibilities in exploring the service characteristics of non-profit organizations and increase the diversity of education services for poor children's families.The welfare policies on education in modern society are constantly updated and improved.The high-quality and efficient welfare policies in the welfare society have also made the family education services for urban poor children more specific and precise.In service provision for the future,how to based on the application of mature service mode,energized by family,children benefit maximization as the objective,accurate and personalized service plan,guide the children and families find their own potential risk response,really do help others,is still the author focus on the field. |
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