Study On 5-6 Years Old Children's Cognition Of Safety And Danger In Kindergarten

Children's safety is the cornerstone of kindergarten education,and children's safety cognition plays a key role in children's safety and healthy growth in the kindergarten.In recent years,kindergarten safety accidents reported on the Internet frequently occur;At present,parents and teachers of children are particularly worried about children's safety in the kindergarten.But in fact,how about children's safety awareness? In addition,there is a lack of research on children's safety cognition in kindergartens,so researchers want to know the actual situation of children's safety cognition in kindergartens,and see whether the situation is the same as that of parents and teachers worry about.This study learned from parents and teachers about the children's cognition of kindergarten safety that they think children have mastered,and the safety accidents they worry about in kindergarten,through interviews in the early stage,and then sorted out the safety and dangerous situations in kindergarten,which were divided into 7 sections: life safety,learning safety,play safety,natural disaster safety,life potential danger,learning potential danger and activity potential danger.Then from many children's safety picture books to find the relevant section of the situation pictures,and screen out the picture which conforms to the age features of the children in the top class and easy to understand;After pre-investigation and adjustment,a total of 50 safety and danger situations in the kindergarten were finally determined.In this study,174 top class children and 30 preschool teachers in 6 kindergartens in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Guizhou Province were investigated by interview and observation.Children's cognition of safety in kindergarten was investigated through their judgment,explanation and countermeasures of the 50 situation pictures,as well as their concept definition of "safety" and "danger" and cognition of situation elements.The researcher sorted out and coded the interview contents of the top class children,and coded 22410 responses,and concluded that there are 13 kinds of forms for the top class children' explanation of the safety and risk related situations in the kindergarten,which are: don't know,have no imagination,give an irrelevant answer,wrong explanation,explanation based on measures,explanation based on external factors,explanation based on subjective factors,value judgment interpretation,consequence interpretation,objective needs interpretation,according to the role,according to the intuitive external characteristics,according to the feelings and experience;And there are four ways for the children to deal with the dangerous situation: no measures,wrong measures,incomplete correct measures and correct measures.There are eight kinds of definitions of "safety" and "danger" for children,which are unknown,cognitive errors,original words and sentences,specific examples,measure descriptions,result descriptions,important attributes and correct definitions.Through further combing and analyzing the interview contents of the children in the top class,we find that: 1.5-6 years old children' cognition of the safety and danger in the kindergarten is generally good;2.5-6 years old children' cognition of the danger in kindergarten is better than that of the safety,and the parents and teachers underestimate the children's safety cognitive ability in different degrees;3.5-6 years old children' judgment accuracy of the safety and danger situation in the kindergarten is better than the cognition of reason explanation and response measures;4.The cognition of safety and danger in kindergarten of urban top class children is slightly better than that in rural top class children;5.There is not much difference in the cognition of safety and danger in kindergarten between 5-6 years old boys and girls,only in the explanation of the situation,the cognition of boys is slightly better than that of girls.In view of the above conclusions,combined with the interviews with kindergarten teachers and the observation of kindergarten environmental facilities,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems,from three aspects of kindergarten environment,kindergarten safety management and kindergarten safety education to improve the safety ability of children.