Effects Of Sports Games On Physical Fitness And Fundamental Movement Skills Of Children Aged 4 To 5 Years

PurposesMany current studies have found that the timely intervention of young children's physical health and basic skills is effective,but there are still different effects on the specific frequency of intervention,and there are few studies on vertical tracking after intervention.Intervention of children's physical health and development of basic motor skills should focus on their long-term sustainable development and improvement.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to use sports game interventions based on the characteristics of children's growth and development,observe the effects of different intervention frequencies on children's physical health and basic motor skills,and track the maintenance effects of the intervention effects.MethodThe study object was 128 young children in 4 kindergartens in Shanghai,divided into a low-frequency training group and a high-frequency training group(hereinafter referred to as the low-frequency group and the high-frequency group).A total of 121 children completed the experiment,including 58 in the low frequency group and 63 in the high frequency group.All children participating in this experiment ruled out sports contraindications,and each child's parent issued an informed consent form,which was signed with the consent of the child and the parent.The low-frequency group used self-programmed sports games for intervention,once a week for 35 minutes per class,for a total of 12 weeks of intervention.The high-frequency group uses the same self-made sports games for intervention,3 times a week,and the conditions such as intensity,time,and period are the same as the high-frequency group.During the intervention,Polar OH1 classroom heart rate monitoring system was used to monitor the exercise intensity of sports games in the low frequency group and the high frequency group.The children's physical health and gross motor development test results were collected three times before the intervention,12 weeks of intervention,and 12 weeks of follow-up after the intervention.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Repeated measurement variance was used to analyze the differences in physical fitness and gross movement development test indexes between different groups and before intervention,12 weeks after intervention,and 12 weeks follow-up after intervention.Regression analysis of gross movement development and physical fitness index in follow-up data,p<0.05 indicates statistical significance.Result1.After 12 weeks of sports game intervention,in terms of body shape,the height and weight indicators of male and female children increased significantly over time,but the weight of the high frequency group was significantly lower than that of the low frequency group after 12 weeks of intervention.In terms of physical performance,the 20-meter round-trip performance of girls in the high-frequency group has improved significantly.In terms of physical fitness,the grip strength,standing long jump,and balance beam of female children in the low frequency group were significantly improved,and the grip strength,standing long jump,and one-leg standing of the male children in the high frequency group.In the follow-up study,the index of forward flexion and standing long jump of male children had good sustained effects.2.After 12 weeks of sports game intervention,children in the high-frequency group have significantly improved their body movement and control capabilities.Although the two indicators in the low-frequency group have improved,the effect is not significant.In the follow-up study,there was a good sustained effect on the control ability of boys and girls in the high-frequency group,and no significant sustained effect in the low-frequency group.3.In the follow-up study after the intervention,infants' gross motor development performance is an important predictor of their physical fitness(adjusted R2=0.176,P<0.001).Conclusion:1.Twelve-week sports game interventions of 35 minutes each time three times a week can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary fitness and body movement skills of girls aged 4 to 5,and lower limb strength of boys,compared to the frequency of weekly sports game intervention,Trunk flexibility and object control movement skills;and maintained good intervention effects during the follow-up 12 weeks after stopping the intervention.It is suggested that choosing sports frequency of 3 times a week for children's physical game intervention in the future will have a better promoting effect on physical fitness and basic motor skills,and have a sustained effect.2.The development of gross movements has a certain decisive effect on the physical fitness of young children,suggesting that the development of basic motor skills should also be strengthened when future interventions to promote physical fitness of young children are carried out.