Research On Environmental Influencing Factors Of Overweight And Obesity Of Children And Adolescents In China

Purpose:Overweight and obesity,as an important factor affecting the physical and mental health of children and adolescents,have received widespread attention from all walks of life.The susceptibility of children and adolescents to obesity is determined by genetic factors,but whether obesity occurs is largely determined by environmental factors.China has a vast territory and complex and diverse topography and climate.Studies have focused on the impact of natural environmental factors on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.However,with the development of social economy,social environmental factors such as Socio-economic status(SES),degree of urbanization,Gross Domestic Product(GDP),and Engel's coefficient have gradually become the cause of children An important factor in obesity.In view of this,this study explores the impact of environmental factors such as latitude,altitude,family SES,and urbanization on the overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from the perspective of natural environmental factors and social environmental factors,in order to improve the healthy development of children and adolescents.Provide relevant theoretical basis for personalized intervention measures to control overweight and obesity of children and adolescents.Methods:In this study,"stratified cluster random sampling" method was used to randomly select 16 provinces in Shanghai,Heilongjiang,Hebei,Henan,Shanxi,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Jiangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,Fujian,Hainan,Xinjiang,Jilin,and Yunnan A total of 26,120 students and adolescents aged 10 to 18 in various provinces were selected as the research object of this study.First,calculate family SES based on three indicators: education level,occupation,and monthly household income.Second,the chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents under different natural and social environmental conditions.Finally,through logistic regression analysis,the effects of natural and social environmental factors on overweight and obesity were discussed.Result:(1)Among children and adolescents from 10 to 18 years old,the detection rate of overweight and obesity fell from 22.6% and 17.7% at 10 years old to 10.1% and 3.5% at 18 years old;the detection rate of overweight and obesity at girls was 15.8 at 10 years old % And 6.3% fell to 4.7% and 1.2% when they were 18 years old.But in terms of overweight,boys and girls are the highest at 11 years old,respectively 23.3% and 17.8%.(2)In terms of natural environmental factors: the detection rate of overweight and obesity in high altitude areas is lower than that in low altitude areas(OR=0.79,95% CI: 0.66~0.95 and OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.45~0.8)Reduced the risk of overweight in children and adolescents(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the risk of obesity in children and adolescents(P<0.001).The detection rate of overweight and obesity in high latitudes is higher than that in low latitudes(OR=1.33,95% CI: 1.15~1.54 and OR=1.52,95% CI: 1.24~1.86),and high latitudes significantly increased the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents(P<0.001).(3)In terms of social and environmental factors: the overweight detection rate of medium SES families(OR=1.17,95% CI: 1.03~1.34)and high SES families(OR =1.41,95% CI: 1.24~1.61)was higher than that of low SES families The overweight detection rate of middle and upper income(OR=1.5,95% CI: 1.02~2.21)and high income(OR=1.66,95% CI: 1.11~2.47)is higher than that of middle and low income.Among them,families with high SES significantly increased the risk of children and adolescents being overweight(P<0.001),families with middle SES,upper middle income and high income increased the risk of children and adolescents being overweight(P<0.05).The detection rate of obesity when the urbanization degree is the highest is higher than that when the urbanization degree is the lowest(OR=1.29,95% CI: 1.01~1.65),and the increased urbanization level increases the risk of obesity among children and adolescents(P<0.05).The relationship between the degree of urbanization and the overweight of children and adolescents is not significant,the relationship between family SES,GDP and obesity of children and adolescents is not significant,and the relationship between Engel's coefficient and overweight and obesity is not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:(1)Among children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years old,the detection rate of overweight and obesity as a whole is getting lower and lower with age,and the overweight and obesity rate of boys is higher than that of girls;the detection rate of obesity of boys and girls is at the age of 10 years the highest,but the detection rate of overweight is the highest at the age of 11.(2)The risk of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents increases with the increase of latitude;high altitude reduces the risk of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents.(3)The risk of children and adolescents being overweight increases with the increase of family SES level and GDP;and the higher the degree of urbanization,the greater the risk of children and adolescents being obese.