The Physics Textbooks For High School In Republican China,1922-1949

Physics is an important basic subject in natural science,but many students find it difficult to understand high school physics because of its abstract content.As the carrier of teaching content,textbook is the main basis of teaching activities.After the“Renxu school system” was promulgated in 1922,senior high school officially became an independent section of secondary education.During the Republic of China period,the preparation of high school physics textbooks was gradually matured step by step.Summarizing the experience of compiling high school physics textbooks in the Republic of China is of great significance to the compilation of high school physics textbooks in our country.In this paper,the text study method,comparative study method and statistical analysis method are used to examine the high school physics textbooks in the Republic of China.This paper analyzes the characteristics of all aspects of high school physics textbooks in the Republic of China.The full text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter aims to sort out the development trend of physics in modern Chinese middle schools from three aspects:the reform of school system,the revision of curriculum standards and the compilation of textbooks,so as to further present the compilation background of physics textbooks in middle schools.The second chapter discusses the knowledge system composition of high school physics textbooks in the Republic of China,and analyzes the content changes of the frontier knowledge.The third chapter discusses the organization and presentation of demonstration experiments,exercises and illustrations in high school physics textbooks during the Republic of China.The fourth chapter tries to restore the use of high school physics textbooks in education and teaching in the Republic of China,and discusses the influence of textbooks on the development of students.The fifth chapter explores the main characteristics of high school physics textbook editors in the Republic of China period,and summarizes their thoughts and ideas in writingtextbooks.Through the above research,it is found that in the period of the Republic of China,high school physics textbooks basically formed the framework of “Introduction –Physics – Mechanics – Heat – Acoustics – Optics – Magnetics – Electricity”,and the cutting-edge knowledge in textbooks became more and more abundant.During the Republic of China period,high school physics textbooks often introduce new lessons by demonstrating experiments,using exercises to express the application of knowledge,and using illustrations to explain abstract physics concepts.During the period of the Republic of China,it advocated the three-in-one teaching framework of“Teaching – Learning – Doing”,and believed that students at different levels should choose different versions of physics textbooks and use supplementary teaching materials when necessary.In the period of the Republic of China,the editors were composed of experts,scholars and front-line teachers.Accordingly,the following suggestions are put forward for the current high school physics textbook writing in China: to build a textbook writing team composed of professional scholars,front-line teachers and education experts;It adopts the knowledge system of special topic to compile,meanwhile,it pays attention to combine with the reality of life,and expands the contents of frontier research appropriately.Add some demonstration experiments as the introduction,after class exercises as little as possible,and rational use of explanatory illustrations;Textbooks should not only guide “Teaching” and “Learning”,but also guide the importance of“doing”.