Regional Knowledge Spillover Effect Of International Braingain

Under the pressure of economic growth slowing and demographic dividends reducing,talents,especially oversea returnees,are the key to China's development breakthrough in order to maintain China's economic rapid and stable.Therefore,in the new era of transnational talent migration,studying the impact of oversea returnees to the level of knowledge spillover in China is important.In this paper,scholars' definition of international brain gain was used:international brain gains with high human capital have oversea learning and work experience,and the knowledge and skills they have acquired would be brought back to motherland through various channels.I took the data of Chinese oversea students returned from 2005 to 2015 as the research subject of China's international brain gain in empirical analysis.In the framework of human capital heterogeneity and open economy,this paper examined the impact of China's international brain gain on regional knowledge spillovers from the perspective of transnational human capital flow.First of all,in theory,this paper tried to establish a set of research framework of the knowledge spillover caused by the international brain gain through piling up related themes papers,including the general principle analysis of international brain gain and the channels of the knowledge spillover.Secondly,this paper used Zhang et al.(2004)modified version to calculate the total factor productivity of China's 30 provinces and cities(excluding Tibet)from 2005 to 2015 by running the Deep2.1 and method of Malmquist index.At last,in the empirical aspect,based on the precedent research,this paper examined the existence of knowledge spillover of international brain gain and Chinese regionally knowledge spillover effect divided to the east,middle and west part.In order to avoid the endogeneity,this paper used the lag phased variable except variable of international brain gain as the instrumental variable to carry out the 2SLS estimation method based on the previous research.In addition,the threshold model is established to investigate the nonlinear variation of the knowledge spillover absorption.The empirical results showed that:(1)The C.hina's international brain gain indeed resulted in regional knowledge spillovers characterized by a one-stage lag;(2)The level of knowledge spillover of international brain gain is different among China's eastern,central and western regions which were decreasing in turns.The knowledge spillover effect is not obvious in the west due to the talents' reverse flow;(3)The local human capital stock and R&D investment have obvious threshold effect on knowledge absorption capacity which both have a single threshold.Based on the research results,this paper believes that local governments should take all kinds of measures to guarantee the international brain gain in order to make full use of the knowledge effect,and take different kinds of policies based on the realistic situation.