Investigation And Analysis Of The Scientific Thinking In The Biological Test Of The College Entrance Examination From 2014 To 2018

By requirements of the new age to improve the quality of personnel training,the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Opinions on comprehensively deepening the curriculum reform to implement the fundamental tasks of strengthen moral education and cultivate people" in 2014,pointing out that the implementation of "developing students'core literacy system" is the key link to promote curriculum reform and development.Scientific thinking,as an important part of the core literacy of biology,is of great significance for students to use scientific thinking methods to explore life phenomena and laws and adapt to the current era of knowledge explosion.As an important way for selecting excellent talents for colleges and universities in China,the College Entrance Examination examines scientific thinking in biological examinations,meets the needs of educational reform,promotes the development of teachers and students,and provides reference for the biological proposition of College Entrance Examination.This study selects the College Entrance Examination questions of biological scientific thinking,which are less studied in the core literacy of high school biology,as the research object.Based on the"Ordinary High School Biology Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition)",combined with the connotation of scientific thinking and the characteristics of biological test questions,scientific thinking questions are divided into four categories:induction and generalization,deduction and reasoning,model and modeling,Critical thinking.This paper analyzes the examination of scientific thinking of each set of biological test in the College Entrance Examination from 2014 to 2018,and finds the overall distribution,as well as the background,knowledge points and specific distribution of various examination questions in various provinces and cities.Combining the distribution status and specific examples,summarizing the characteristics of various types of biological science thinking questions in the College Entrance Examination:the inductive and generalized questions have an emphasis on analyzing experimental data and phenomenon descriptions,and answering questions through discussion;the deductive and reasoning questions are often combined with genetic questions,and have the characteristics of using syllogism to examine knowledge transfer;the model and modeling questions focus on the understanding of the textbook model,and use the model as the object for reasoning and calculation,and pay attention to the use of mathematical models,pay attention to the transformation of graphic information,examine the model construction ability;the critical thinking questions focus on the evaluation of experimental programs and results,comparative analysis of biological phenomena,interpretations and viewpoints,and selection of scientific materials to create real and valuable problem situations.Finally,some reference suggestions for the high school biological scientific thinking teaching and the College Entrance Examination review are put forward:using concept teaching to develop students' ability of induction and generalization;paying attention to experimental process,cultivating students' deduction and reasoning ability;using appropriate content to cultivate students' thinking method of model and modeling;using the history of biological sciences and scientific research materials to develop students'critical thinking;reviewing around the core concepts,improving students' ability to understand test situations and analyze information,and focus on developing the ability to answer questions in professional terms.