| Fertility is a major issue that affects the national economy and people’s livelihood.In recent years,although China began to encourage fertility by adjusting the birth policy,the growth of fertility rate has not been as fast as expected.The decline in fertility and the aging of the population have made the whole society pay more attention to the issue of fertility.As the main carrier of fertility behavior,women may suffer from the punishment of falling wages after giving birth,which will further curb their fertility will,and cause the fertility rate to continue to fall.Faced with this situation,combined with the theoretical and empirical research results of domestic and foreign scholars,this paper uses the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey(1997-2015)data,by using OLS regression,quantile regression and other methods,the writher try to explore the influencing factor of motherhood wage penalty.Therefore,we can come up with suggestions that can help to alleviate motherhood wage penalty.Firstly,by using the literature research method,this paper sorts out the research results of scholars in this typical field all around the world.On this basis,it determines the variable selection of empirical research,and analyzes the factors affecting female fertility behavior to wage income from five characteristics.After empirical study,the paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The motherhood wage penalty did exist in China,and the penalty coefficient is 20.1%;(2)The motherhood wage penalty suffered by women in different income distributions are different.Women who get middle income will get the highest wage penalty after giving birth.(3)Working characteristics have the most significant impact on the wage penalty.Staff in managerial or technical positions who has reliable labor contract will be least affected by the wage penalties.(4)Human capital is an important factor in the motherhood wage penalty.Women can ease the decline in wages after childbirth by improving their education and work experience.Based on the above conclusions,the author puts forward the following suggestions:First,vigorously promote the development of education;Second,adjust the maternity leave policy;Third,improve the vocational training mechanism to improve the female skill level;Fourth,protect the rights and interests of part-time workers;Fifth,improve the child care service system and encourage intergenerational support. |
