Practical Research On Science Education For Large Class Preschoolers Based On Simple Physics Theory

At present,the practice of children's science education is faced with many problems,such as teacher-led,emphasis on the transmission of scientific knowledge,ignoring the existing experience and direct experience of children.Children's naive physics theory refers to the informal pre-scientific cognition of the physical world acquired by children.It pays attention to the exploration of children's naive physics theory and their existing scientific cognition and experience,which is conducive to the scientific education practice to truly implement the child-oriented concept.This study aims to explore children's cognition of two common physical phenomena,namely force and movement,light and shadow,through interviews,understand children's corresponding naive physical theories,design corresponding scientific education activities accordingly,and then observe children's behavior feedback in activities.It is hoped that this practice can provide valuable reference for science education in kindergartens.Through research,it is found that children in senior class have the following cognition of "force and movement" :(1)they basically know that there is movement in life,and they all know that in the real world all objects with relative position change are moving;(2)understand that force can change the motion state of the object;(3)the magnitude of the force will affect the effect on the object;(4)ambiguity in the generation of force;(5)without understanding that force can actually make a moving object still,that is,the existence of resistance,the reverse thinking is not formed;(6)the cognition of force is in the intuitive state,and it is believed that force can only be generated by touching objects.There is a gap in the understanding of invisible forces,such as the gravity of the earth.I have the following cognition on the concept of "light and shadow" :(1)I basically know the existence and characteristics of shadows,and know that the shadows of different objects are different;(2)the light source is the condition for shadow generation;(3)know that the shadow of an object does not always exist.Whenthere is sunlight,or other light sources,the shadow will appear;(4)can explain the shape change of the shadow to some extent,and think that the shadow and the shape of the object know each other,such as waving their hand,the shadow will also follow the movement;(5)blurred understanding of shadow colors;(6)unclear characteristics of light;(7)the explanation of the relationship between light and shadow is mainly "only when there is light can there be shadow".By analyzing children's understanding of "force and movement" and "light and shadow",the author finds that children's naive physical theory has some common characteristics: first,the explanation of things and phenomena is rooted in the common life experience.Secondly,they are easily influenced by external features of things,and judge and explain things according to their surface and existing features.Third,the concrete thinking is the main,there are still the characteristics of animism.Fourth,due to the limitation of the breadth of experience,they often show the same "wrong" cognition in explaining things and phenomena.Fifthly,logical thinking is in an unstable state,and the criteria for judging things and phenomena are different.According to the characteristics of children's naive physics theory,the author designs and implements corresponding science education activities.The results showed that children's participation was more active.The atmosphere is relaxed.It can stimulate children's thinking.In conclusion,the author puts forward the following teaching Suggestions:When organizing scientific education activities: teachers should pay attention to children's simple physical theory;Teachers need to learn how to detect children's naive physical theory;Create conflict and conflict point,cause children to construct scientific concept.Teachers' effective guiding strategies in organizing scientific activities based on children's naive physics theory :(1)in problem setting,teachers pay attention to inspiring children to find problem attribution.(2)use various forms of records to guide children to organize logically.(3)encourage children to communicate.(4)pay attention to scientific and standardized teaching terminology.