Research On The Standing Technology In The Archery Classics Of The Ming Dynasty

The traditional Chinese archery culture has a long history.Ming Dynasty,as an important historical period for the inheritance and development of the archery movement,has many books and records left on the basis of inheriting the archery skills of the predecessors.In the development of traditional archery,some of the important theories and techniques in the archery classics have not been passed down.Therefore,exploring the theory and techniques of archery in the recorded ancient books is one of the important research contents of traditional archery in the current society.In order to inherit the archery theory and techniques in the classics and make it serve the current research and practice,this paper selects representative Ming Dynasty archery classics to further explore its development.Hopefully it will be of significant value in studying archery of other dynasties in ancient China.This research is based on the archery technique recorded in the traditional archery classics.Through the use of literature methods,expert interviews,logic analysis,logic analysis,ancient Chinese interpretation methods and other research methods,the technical content of traditional archery classics is analyzed.On the basis of reviewing many ancient documents,the study screened more than 30 ancient books of the Ming Dynasty,and selected "Teaching Bow Method","Shooting Law","Wu Jing She Xue Zheng Zong Authentic/Fingers" and "Shooting As the main research books,"Shooting Book" and "Shooting Law" are used as auxiliary research books.Other documents are used as reference books,and the research on the standing technology is carried out to analyze the technical content.On this basis,the general analysis of the Ming Dynasty Vertical technology system.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)hand method.The forehand grips the bow according to the forehand fingers and can be divided into two types: the two-finger grip,the three-finger grip and the five-finger grip.According to the different bow points,the bowing method is divided into three types: the tiger's mouth push bow method,the palm push bow method and the palm root push bow method.The back hand hook string is divided into two types:double hook method and single hook method.The double hook method is for the index finger middle finger to press the big finger,and the single hook method is divided into the index finger single hook method and the middle finger single hook method according to the different parts of the hook pressing big finger.The forehand is divided into two types: "Pie" and "Zhi".The backhand can be divided into three types according to the magnitude of the action,and there are two kinds of movements of the finger,one is to open the index finger and the thumb,and the other is to open the five fingers.When spreading,both hands must be forced to open at the same time.The placement of the back hand must be a straight line.In addition,the force when spreading is the process of gradually moving the arm to both ends while the hook string is gradually relaxed,so that the natural spreading action of "melon ripening and falling" can be achieved.(2)Eye method.First,aim at the "three points and one line" aiming principle,use both eyes to aim,and use the aiming method of the target star.Second,the aiming of traditional archery is aimed at binocular squinting.Finally,"Trial" is different fromaiming."Review" and "Consideration" have similar meanings.They have “internal audit” for body perception and "External Trial" for external perception."Trial" is related to goals,body,qi,spirit and so on.(3)Body law.The body requires "Body is straight",the two arms are horizontal,the hind arm is "Pressing the elbow",and the forearm is "Straight arm like a branch" and "three nests are opposite".The torso requires a "shoulder-like pole" to lean forward.(4)Step method.The footwork is divided into two types: rectangular station and rectangular trapezoidal station according to the positional relationship between the two feet.(5)Psychology.Traditional archery requires that people and bows should be adapted to each other.The body and the breath are in harmony with each other in a state of mind and body that can achieve "heart and mind",and the so-called "sleeved leisure is the good shot." ”(6)Rhythm.The traditional archery is to pursue the state of natural spreading of“before the hand spread,the back hand does not know”,such as“melon cooked and brought down",tightly instead of "Spit",slow instead of "Jiu",such as the impregnation of water slowly disengaged.(7)Open bow method.The open bow method is divided into two types: single open method and double open method,including: one-handed straight pull method,ruler open bow method and top-down open bow.One-handed straight pull method means one-armed force to open the bow;the ruler open bow method is the open bow method named as the ruler moves forward,and uses the arms to open the bow;from the top to the bottom,the bow is also opened with the arms.According to the records of the classics,there are two different versions of the ruler opening method.The first one is to open the bow from the bottom to the top,and the second is to go from bottom to top and then down.In addition,regarding the bowing technique,there are the following points: first,the bow should be rolled down before the shoulder;secondly,the forearm,the big arm and the shoulder should be used in force when the bow is used;thirdly,the bow should be forced by the front arm.At the same time,both arms are forced at the same time;fourth,the elbows and shoulders of the forearms are gradually straightened with the opening of the bow,and the bow is full and the arms are balanced.(8)Pull distance.The pull distance can be divided into three ranges: large,medium and small.Below the mandibular angle and before the mandibular angle,the range above the blood pelvis is a small saw;the range above the blood pelvis and the pelvic bone before and below the mandibular angle and after the mandibular angle is the middle saw;below the mandibular angle and above the pelvic bone After the blood pelvis is a large saw.