Research On The Influential Factors Of New Generation Migrant Workers' Employment Quality From The Perspective Of Capital Endowment

The Party's Report on the Nineteenth National Congress takes "quality first" and "quality power" as important development concepts,and clearly states that it is necessary to improve the employment quality and people's income,to achieve higher quality and fuller employment,and to provide comprehensive public employment services.The No.1 Document of the Central Committee in 2018 proposes to carry out vocational training on a large scale,which will help promoting the transfer employment among migrant workers through multiple channels,and improving the employment quality.The "Government Working Report" in 2018 also proposes to expand the employment of migrant workers,comprehensively govern the problem of wage arrears,improve the consultation mechanism of labor relations,eliminate discrimination of gender and identity,and make more equitable and fuller employment become the highlights of China‘s development.The National statistical data in 2017 showes that the amount of migrant workers in China accounts for 36.9% of the amount of employed people in the country,and the amount of new generation migrant workers accounts for nearly 49.7% of the amount of migrant workers in China,who have gradually become the mainstay of migrant workers.However,the employment quality of most new generation migrant workers in China is low.Focusing on the problem of employment quality of new generation migrant workers is conducive to the improvement of employment quality.It is conducive to the solution of the "three rural issues" in China,and to accelerating the integration of urban and rural areas,as well as promoting the development of industry and urbanization.It is also conducive to social harmony and stability.Based on the above background,this paper studies the effects of capital endowments on the employment quality of new generation migrant workers.The research structure of this paper is as follows: Firstly,this paper will introduce the background and significance,clarify the research ideas,methods and characteristics,and clear the research content and basic framework of this paper through literature analysis and summary of research achievements at home and abroad.Secondly,this paper will define the core concepts to clear research basis by combining the theories of employment quality and capital endowments,etc.and review the main involved theories including the theory of rural surplus labor transfer,labor market segmentation,demand hierarchy,human capital and social capital.Thirdly,based on field survey data,this paper will evaluate the connotation and characteristics of capital endowments of new generation migrant workers by using methods of descriptive statistics.Then,this paper will construct evaluation index system to analyze the employment quality of the new generation migrant workers in Chongqing.This paer will also calculate the employment quality of the new generation migrant workers in Chongqing by using methods of factor analysis.Next,this paper will construct a multivariate linear regression model to analyze the specific effects of capital endowments on the quality of employment.Finally,based on the research conclusions,this paper will propose suggestions to improve the employment quality of new generation migrant workers from the perspective of capital endowments such as human capital,social capital,financial capital,etc.and summarize the insufficience of this paper,and further research directions.The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)In terms of capital endowments,the educational level,professional skills,and heterogeneity of social network of new generation migrant workers need to be improved.The financial capital is deficient,the borrowing behavior depends on relatives and friends,and it is difficult to borrow from institutions.(2)In terms of employment quality,the score of employment quality of new generation migrant workers in Chongqing is low,which indicates the employment quality is poor.The specific performances include low-level employment(mainly engaged in labor and service intensive industries),low wage,long working hours,poor work stability,poor physical and safety environment,low rates of labor contract signing and participation of labor union,difficulty in safeguarding legal rights,low work satisfaction,and poor prospects of career development.(3)The endowments of human capital,social capital and financial capital have a significant impact on the employment quality of new generation migrant workers.Natural capital and material capital have no significant impact on the employment quality of new generation migrant workers.Specifically,indicators of human capital such as educational level,professional skills,and working years,indicators of social capital such as the visiting numbers of relatives and friends in the Spring Festival and numbers of relatives and friends in cities,and indicators of financial capital such as monthly average income,and borrowing difficulty from institutions,have significant positive correlation with employment quality.In addition,borrowings and loans have significant negative correlation with employment quality.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper proposes the following countermeasures mainly from the perspectives of human capital,social capital,and financial capital:(1)Strengthen vocational training and improve the skill level.(2)Strengthen basic education in rural areas and improve education level.(3)Enhance the awareness of legal,learn legal knowledge,and safeguard legal rights actively.(4)Maintain the original social capital,expand social capital of high heterogeneity,and improving the ability of using social capital.(5)Perfect the mechanisms of wage increasing,wage payment and wage guarantee,and strengthen financial support for new generation migrant workers.