Research On The Maternal Identity In The Age Of "The Universal Two-child Policy"

After 2014 the country opened the "two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family)",the demographic data of the National Bureau of Statistic shows that China's birth population in the whole year of 2015 less than 320000 last year,well below the health and family planning commission estimate "about an increase of 1 million" on the China population situation analysis and prospect seminar.The "two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family" doesn't make an effect.The country went on to officially implement the universal two-child policy on January 1,2016.The report of the Women's federation on The impact of the implementation of the universal two-child policy on family education on December 23,2016 shows that less than a third of the planned to give birth two children,and the willingness to give birth is low.In the context of the more relaxed national fertility policy,the birth rate of residents has not aroused as expected,in order to find out the underlying reason,this paper takes the maternal identity as the point cut to analyze.In this study,questionnaires and in-depth interviews are conducted to investigate a child's mother(310)and second child's mother(310).Basing on the family life cycle theory,the social identity theory,the social exchange theory and the social support theory and using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research,to understand the status quo of maternal identity in the "universal two-child" era,to discuss the factors that affect their maternal identity,to reveal the influence of the maternal identity in the era of "universal two-child".It is hoped that this study can arouse the wide attention of the society to the issue of the mother's identity,and also provide the decision-making reference for the timely avoidance of the possible side effects of the "universal two-child" policy.This paper is divided into six parts.The first part is about the research background,and the explanation of the significance and method of this research,as well as the interpretation of the relevant concepts.The second part is about the literature review of maternal identity and the theory description,it involves the family life cycle theory,the social identity theory,the social exchange theory and the social support theory.The third part is a review of the change process of China's family planning policy,from " one-child policy " to "couples in which both parents are only children can have two" and " two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family " until the policy of "universal two-child".The fourth part is based on the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview data,to analyze the status quo of maternal identity under the "universal two-child" era,mainly reflects that the overall maternal identity is in the middle level and the identity of the second child's mother is higher than that of a child.And to analyze the factors that influence the maternal identity,it reflects that maternal identity is a result of various factors,the influencing factors including mother satisfaction,birth experience,social support,and the relationship with her husband/partner.The fifth part is to discuss the influence of the maternal identity in the era of "universal two-child",which mainly reflects that the positive maternal identity will promote the mother's evaluation of her physical and mental health,it also shows that maternal identity has an effect on the mother's fertility desire by influencing mother's preference and ideal number of children.And it shows that maternal identity has a root effect on family relationships.Last part is about the conclusions and countermeasures.The first is a general summary of the whole article,and then is the countermeasures which put forward according to the maternal identity status quo and its influence,the countermeasures come from four aspects: the individual level – adjusting the identity transformation;family level-strengthening the family support;social level-advocating the gender equality culture;government level-improving the hardware and software facilities.