Research On The Application Of Montessori Manipulatives In Kindergarten From The Perspective Of Learning Process

In 2012,the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China promulgated the《Guide to the Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6》.It puts forward the comprehensive development of early childhood education,which embodies the emphasis on the procedural ability and learning quality of young children’s mathematics learning.In 2016,the《China’s Students Development Core Literacy》was released with the core of training "all-round development people".Regardless of international or domestic trends,the goals and evaluation of early childhood education are not merely result-oriented,but emphasize process capability and overall development.This is a rational core of life-long learning ability and innovation ability.The focus of mathematics learning begins with The acquisition of knowledge content is transferred to the application of mathematics and understanding capabilities.The Montessori education is still an active curriculum model so far.It is also active in China.The design of teaching manipulatives is very characteristic.The Montessori education,especially the process of children’s use of teaching manipulatives,is worthy of in-depth study.From the perspective of the process of learning,this study analyzes the application of Montessori teaching manipulatives in kindergarten,focusing on problem solving,mathematical reasoning and verification,mathematical communication,mathematical correlation,mathematical representation,interests and curiosity,initiative,persistence and focus,imagination and creativity,reflection and interpretation,development of process capabilities and learning qualities.This research selected Montessori mixed-age classes of a public demonstration kindergarten in Jing’an District of Shanghai as the target.Through on-site non-participating observations,three children’s play such as number of rods and large digital cards were focused on and passed through two months of daily use.At the same time,the analysis of the effectiveness of Montessori education methods,such as the number of rods,large digital cards,and other teaching manipulatives,was analyzed by means of literature analysis and physical analysis.Studies have shown that(1)the Montessori Education emphasizes respect for children’s psychological development,grasps the critical period of children,and provides children with a prepared environment;(2)mathematics manipulatives have real-time feedback,and this feedback helps young children with problem solving,reasoning and verification,from this perspective,favorably support the development of young children’s process abilities of self-exploration;(3)Montessori mathematics manipulatives show advantages and limitations in the course of children’s mathematics learning.They show more problem solving,mathematical correlation,mathematical inference and verification in the operation of mathematics manipulatives.But there is also a lack of social interaction,very few mathematical communication and imagination and creation,and mathematical symbols and other representations almost never appear.Based on the above research results,the author believes that children-oriented game activities should be more intension.Under the premise of guaranteeing children’s physical and mental joyful play,the fusion era put forward for early childhood education.Fully develop goals and conduct "intentional","planned" and "instructive"game activities.Put forward two suggestions:1.Pay attention to the comprehensive development of children in mathematics learning process;2.Design and understand the intentional environment and promote the interactive development of children,teachers and teaching manipulatives.