Vascular Adaptation And Gender Difference In Wrestlers

Purpose:This study compared central aortic pressure,arterial stiffness and endothelial function between the young second grade wrestlers and normal non-athletes of the same age.In order to explore the adaptation and gender difference of human artery to wrestling.Methods:Twenty five wrestlers(male,15;female,10)and twenty five non-athletes(male,15;female,10)were evaluated for body composition,central aortic pressure(CAP),augmentation pressure(AP),augmentation index(AIx),carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV),brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV),flow mediated dilation(FMD),ankle-brachial index(ABI)and subendocardial viability ratio(SEVR)markers at rest.Results:(1)Female wrestlers had lower AP@HR75(P<0.05),AIx@HR75(P<0.05)and higher SEVR(P<0.01)than female non-athletes.And female non-athletes had lower CSBP(P<0.05)than male non-athletes.AP(P<0.05),AP@HR75(P<0.05),AIx(P<0.05)and AIx@HR75(P<0.01)were significantly higher in the females.Wrestling and gender had no significant interaction on CSBP,CDBP,AP,AP@HR75,AIx,and AIx@HR75,but had significant interaction on SEVR(P<0.05).(2)Wrestlers had ABI within normal range(0.9~1.4).Both baPWV and cfPWV of male wrestlers were significantly lower than male non-athletes(P<0.05).Meanwhile baPWV and cfPWV were significantly lower in the female non-athletes(P<0.01).Wrestling and gender had significant interaction on right baPWV and cfPWV(P<0.05).(3)Brachial artery Rest Diam and Max Diam were significantly lower in the non-athletes(P<0.05)and females(P<0.01),and that FMD was significantly higher in the female non-athletes(P<0.05).Wrestling and gender had no significant interaction on Rest Diam,Max Diam and FMD.(4)Weight was positively correlated with CSBP(r=0.337,P<0.05)and negatively correlated with SEVR(r=-0.364,P<0.01);muscle mass was negativelycorrelated with AP,AP@HR75,AIx and AIx@HR75(r=-0.454,P<0.01;r=-0.452,P<0.01;r=-0.504,P<0.01;r=-0.454,P<0.01,respectively);percentage of body fat was positively correlated with AP,AP@HR75,AIx and AIx@HR75(r=0.380,P<0.01;r=0.456,P<0.01;r=0.396,P<0.01;r=0.474,P<0.01,respectively).Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated with RestDiam(r=0.452,P<0.01;r=0.709,P<0.01)and MaxDiam(r=0.461,P<0.01;r=0.694,P<0.01);but muscle mass was negatively correlated with FMD(r=-0.403,P<0.01).Conversely,percentage of body fat was negatively correlated with RestDiam(r=-0.411,P<0.01)and MaxDiam(r=-0.379,P<0.01);but positively correlated with FMD(r=0.382,P<0.01).CSBP was positively correlated with left baPWV,right baPWV and cfPWV(r=0.381,P<0.01;r=0.377,P<0.01;r=0.356,P<0.05,respectively).Rest Diam and Max Diam were negatively correlated with AP(r=-0.423,P<0.01;r=-0.396,P<0.01),AP@HR75(r=-0.530,P<0.01;r=-0.510,P<0.01),AIx(r=-0.468,P<0.01;r=-0.446,P<0.01)and AIx@HR75(r=-0.525,P<0.01;r=-0.499,P<0.01).Conclusion:(1)The overall elasticity of the whole arterial system,the cardiac after-load,the balance of energy supply and demand in coronary arteries and the structure of the arteries of female wrestlers were superior to female non-athletes.Male wrestlers also had better arterial stiffness and arterial structure than male non-athletes.(2)The central artery systolic blood pressure,arterial stiffness and endothelial function of female non-athletes were superior to that of male non-athletes.And in the wrestlers,females had a better balance of energy supply and demand in coronary arteries than males.(3)Increasing muscle mass and reducing percentage of body fat were both beneficial to improve the overall elasticity of the whole arterial system and to reduce the cardiac after-load.The increase in arterial diameter also contributed to the reduction of the cardiac after-load.