Study On The Influence Of Life Care Environment In Pension Institutions On The Mental Health Of The Elderly

Objective:In the context of the aging population and the increasing demand for old-age services in China,this study took the elderly in the pension institution as the research object,and measured as well as evaluated the current situation of the life care environment of the pension institution from the three dimensions which are living environment,auxiliary environment and public environment.Meanwhile,this study collected the basic situation and mental health status of the elderly through measurement to explore the relationship between the care environment of the pension institution and the mental health of the elderly,which can help to provide a theoretical basis for improving the care environment of the pension institution and enhancing the mental health of the elderly.Methods:(1)Literature research:Firstly,this study searched the relevant literatures through the domestic and foreign databases of CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science,Pubmed,etc.,and then the research on the current development status of the pension institution in China and the mental health of the elderly was sorted out.Finally,it summarized the concept of the care environment of the pension institution and the influencing factors of the mental health of the elderly.(2)Expert consultation:Experts in the field of elderly psychology and environmental design for the pension institution were consulted on the importance and feasibility of the selected indicators.In addition,it combined the relevant literature to design the life care environment rating scale for the pension institution and the elderly mental health rating scale.(3)Questionnaire:Systematic sampling and simple random sampling were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the elderly in the member pension institutions registered with the China Social Welfare and Aged Care Association.(4)Data analysis:Descriptive analysis,monofactor analysis,Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and other statistical methods were used to analyze the life care environment of the pension institution and the mental health status of the elderly,and the impact of the care environment of the pension institution on the mental health of the elderly.Results:(1)The evaluation scores of the elderly for the living environment,auxiliary environment and public environment in the care environment of the pension institution were:4.43±0.59,4.32±0.71,3.81±0.79,and the overall score was12.56±0.56;The mental health status score was 31.36±10.77.The scores of personality,emotion,adaptation,interpersonal and cognitive variables were 5.49±2.08,2.84±2.61,7.20±3.29,8.12±2.69,4.70±2.37.(2)In the monofactor analysis of the influence of demographic variables on the mental health status of the elderly,there was a significant difference in the mental health scores of the elderly in the education level,the pre-retirement occupation,years of residence in a pension institution,the marital status,self-care ability,economic status and the type of living room,and it was statistically significant.(3)The correlation between the life care environment of the pension institution as well as the various dimensions and the mental health status of the elderly as well as the various dimensional variables showed that the life care environment of the pension institution has a significant correlation with the mental health of the elderly.In addition,in terms of dimensions,the living environment,the auxiliary environment,and the public environment are significantly related to emotions,adaptation,and interpersonal relationships,but are not related to cognition.(4)Multiple linear regression showed that the determination coefficient of the regression equation of demographic variables on the mental health of the elderly is R~2=0.153.The difference is significant.The educational level,length of residence,marital status,self-care ability and economic status of the elderly have significant influence on the mental health status of them.Meanwhile,after adding the environmental variables,the determination coefficient of the regression equation rises to R~2=0.251,and the difference is significant.The living environment,auxiliary environment and public environment of the pension institution have significant influence on the mental health status of the elderly.The standardized regression coefficients are respectively 0.310,0.274,0.370.Conclusion:(1)In the demographic variables,the educational level of the elderly,the pre-retirement occupation,years of residence in a pension institution,the marital status,self-care ability,economic status and the type of living room have a certain influence on the mental health of the elderly.(2)The three variables of the care environment of the pension institution(living environment,auxiliary environment and public environment)are positively correlated with the mental health status of the elderly,which means that the better the life care environment of the pension institution,the better the mental health of the elderly.(3)The three variables of the life care environment of the pension institution(residential environment,auxiliary environment and public environment)have much higher impact on the mental health of the elderly than the demographic variables(education level,age of the aged care institution,marital status,self-care ability,the economic situation and the type of living room)affect the mental health of the elderly.(4)The government should increase the financial support for pension institutions,promote the standardization construction,and advocate the concept of love for the elderly;Pension institutions should create a good living environment for the elderly,provide diversified services and pay attention to the mental health of the elderly.The elderly themselves need to exercise actively and maintain a good attitude of mind.