A Study Of The Antonyms Of Tsinghua Jan(5-8)

This article takes the antonym of Qinghua bamboo slips(5-8)as the research object,and draws on the previous research results and methods,in order to understand the characteristics,distribution,corresponding relationship and development of antonyms in ancient Chinese.This paper uses the methods of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis,description and interpretation to make exhaustive statistics of the antonyms in Qinghua bamboo slips(5-8).135 pairs of antonyms are found.In terms of the parts of speech of these antonyms,there are 62 pairs of adjective antonyms,accounting for 45.9%;43 pairs of verb antonyms,accounting for 31.9%;26 pairs of noun antonyms,accounting for 19.3%.According to the antonyms of these words,there are 89 pairs of polar antonyms,accounting for 65.9%;31 pairs of complementary antonyms,accounting for 23.0%;15 pairs of directional antonyms,accounting for 11.1%.It can be seen that the inner part of these antonyms also presents the unbalanced phenomenon of gradual decline from adjectives to verbs and then to nouns.In general,there are 124 pairs of monosyllabic antonyms,accounting for 91.9%of the total.There are 11 pairs of monosyllabic and monosyllabic polysyllabic antonyms,accounting for 8.1%of the total.In terms of the display format of antonyms,the number of antonyms in the text format in the Tsinghua slips(5-8)is the largest,85 in total,accounting for 63.0%of the full text;50 in total,accounting for 31.1%of the full text;8 in total,accounting for 5.9%.From the analysis of the semantic relationship between antonyms,it is found that there are77 pairs of bilateral single opposites,15 pairs of bilateral multi opposites in 5 groups,31 pairs of multilateral single opposites in 12 groups and 15 pairs of multilateral multi opposites in 7 groups.Through the comparative study of Qinghua bamboo slips(5-8)and eight books of pre Qin,Laozi,Xunzi and other ancient works,we can see that the antonyms in Qinghua bamboo slips(5-8)have the following characteristics:first,the number of antonyms is large,some words are used frequently;second,the syllable correspondence is unbalanced;third,the correspondence is complex.From a diachronic point of view,120 pairs of antonyms in 135 pairs in the Tsinghua slips(5-8)form basic vocabulary,which are inherited by modern Chinese.15 pairs of antonyms either appear in special context,or fall off with the development of social economic and cultural system,or are replaced in the development of word meaning.