Research On Liang Huai Tongrentai Salt Company In Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the salt industry,as the pillar industry of the financial revenue of the qing government,declined.The Lianghuai saltworks,the largest in the Qing Dynasty,no longer had the glory of the past.At this time,The operation of the Lusi old saltworks was poor,the salt making technology was backward,The salt works of Lianghuai saltworks was plagued with many problems,which aggravated the phenomenon of leakage of private salt.At this time,the price of salt continued to rise due to the changes in the ratio of silver to money,and the people could not afford salt,which provided an adequate market for the cheap private salt.In this case,located in Huainan salt area,the Lusi old saltworks changed because of repeatedly poor management,urgent need to attract others to come to operate.Determined to change the plight of China's salt industry,Zhang Jian raised 100,000 liang to buy the Lusi old saltworks and set up Tongrentai salt company.In view of the drawbacks of The salt works of LiangHuai saltworks was plagued with many problems,Zhang Jian applied the inspiration obtained from the investigation of Japan to the Lusi old saltworks and carried out a radical reform.The reform of Tongrentai salt company is divided into two aspects: rectifying the Lusi old saltworks and improving salt solution."Rectification" should be carried out quickly and "improvement" should be made step by step.Then the first rectification,Mainly in the company's rules and regulations,salt works,old facilities,etc.Established a new system of enterprise management,employees had well defined power and responsibilityd and paid on time,forsake saltworks bitter butyl ills,old t-shirts Fried diced,finishing old lv old four field instruments of facilities,expensive "consolidation".It was expensive to "rectify" the salt works by removing the old defects of the salt works,sympathized with the staff,repaired the equipment and facilities of the dilapidated the Lusi old saltworks.The "improvement" emphasized gradual progress,long-term planning,and costs more,mainly in the salt production method,tried out the east method,refining method,zhejiang method,sea method,songjiang method,pan frying method six salt production method,And set up a test field,detailed records of data.Only because of its low production cost and high salt quality,songjiang plate drying method became the main salt production method of Tongrentai salt company.Although colleague's salt company reform failed to bring huge profits,has failed to live up to not only save the intention of the salt industry downturn in the late Qing Dynasty,but from the company organization form,production methods,reform of the scientific management mechanism,the company,and many other respects,the colleague's salt industry company with obvious capitalist,open a gap in the traditional Chinese salt industry,colleague's salt industry company to become the first in the history of modern China is in the nature of capitalism salt industry enterprises,promote the modernization of Chinese salt industry.Its reform measures provided experience and lessons for the later reform of the salt industry and made important contributions to the modernization of the salt industry in China.The fundamental reason for the failure of Tongrentai salt industry company was the restriction of the backward feudal system and the corrupt salt administration.Specific reasons include: first,internal differences,can not get the overall understanding and support of the company;second,there are official obstruction,mainly from the transportation department,because the new salt production cost is high,the cost is much higher than the old salt,and private salt rampant,but the transportation department is not allowed to increase the price and open up sales,resulting in annual loss.Tongrentai salt industry company also faced the problem of fund shortage,the reform cost is quite huge,has three fund-raising,the second,the third fund-raising shareholders do not have great enthusiasm,after the establishment of Daxianshian company for many times to help the operation of Tongren tai salt industry company.In addition to human factors,there are frequent natural disasters,the 1905 flood even destroyed 80 percent of the lu siyan wall.From the perspective of the salt industry reform of Tongren tai salt industry.,this paper probes into the nature and failure reasons of Tongren tai salt industry.