The Psychological Methodological Significance Of Merleau-ponty's Body Phenomenology

This paper mainly investigates the ideological origin and psychological connotation of Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology.On this basis,it explores the psychological methodology contained in body phenomenology.Furthermore,by combing the internal relations between Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology and Gestalt School,behaviorism,psychoanalysis and the second generation cognitive science,this paper explores the similarities and differences between them,especially some essential differences in methodology.Finally,it evaluates the psychological thoughts in Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology and reveals its psychological methodological significance.Firstly,this paper sorts out the important thoughts in Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology,including the inheritance and transcendence of body phenomenology to traditional phenomenology,which is mainly reflected in the basic position,research methods and specific problems;Merleau-Ponty's exposition of the relationship between body and mind can be said to be unique in the history of western philosophy.Although hethinks that body and mind are a unified relationship,this unity is a multi-level dialectical unity.From his analysis of behavior,he realizes that the unity of body and mind is never absolute,but there is a certain level of duality and unity.Merleau-Ponty's exposition of behavior,perception and "meat".This is the main idea of his body phenomenology,which runs through his whole philosophy.In this process,he initiated his behavioral structurology with a new scientific attitude,based on phenomenology and combined with positivism research results.The study of perception is an important stage in the transformation of his philosophy from phenomenology of consciousness to phenomenology of body.Merleau-Ponty unifies consciousness and nature by analyzing the "reversibility" of body,and determines that their noumenon is "meat".The concept of "meat" is an ultimate concept in Merleau-Ponty's thought,which also makes his thought rise from epistemology to ontology.Secondly,by grasping the psychological theme in Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology,this paper explores the psychological methodology and its significance from the research standpoint,research principle,scientific truth view and some specific research methods.Furthermore,by using the method of historical theory,this paper combs the internal relations between body phenomenology and various schools of psychology,and mainly explores the similarities and differences between their psychological thoughts in body phenomenology and Gestalt school,psychoanalysis school,behaviorism and embodied cognitive psychology from two aspects of their attitudes towards nature and methodology.Finally,it evaluates some psychological thoughts in body phenomenology and discusses their merits and demerits,right and wrong.Merleau-Ponty's psychological thought is based on phenomenology,and the core method of phenomenology is description.He achieved the description of psychological structure by means of phenomenological reduction and phenomenological positivism,which effectively avoided the split between consciousness and nature and the objectivism influence brought by scientific interpretation under naturalistic attitude.It is conducive to the construction of a perfect psychological methodology in modern psychology,and it also provides a more systematic research method for psychology.In the frontier science of psychology,the development of embodied cognition and cognitive neurosciencealso needs Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of body.Merleau-Ponty tries to integrate neuroscience and phenomenology into a coherent understanding of consciousness,which is ahead of the times and gives important inspiration to cognitive science today.Although Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology has great limitations in the development of psychology dominated by positivism,there is no doubt that the psychological thoughts in Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology are of great significance to the construction of psychological methodology and the development of psychological frontier science.