The Study Of Yao Mian From The Perspective Of Examination Society In The Late Song Dynasty

In imperial examination society of the late Song Dynasty,Yao Mian,the top scholar,had five different identities:poor scholar,examinee,official,local scholar and scholar-official,which respectively showed the different contents of imperial examination society and literary creation in the late Song Dynasty.Yao Mian's basic identity was a poor scholar.The imperial examination had a great impact on his livelihood and marriage,and it was the way to establish his identity as a scholar out of poverty.The identity of examinee corresponds to its experience in the imperial examination field.Yao Mian went through a long process of the imperial examination,during which he recorded the belief or superstitious activities related to the imperial examination and the acquisition of the passage for the imperial examination.This are the foundation of the latter three identities and their creation.Official status was obtained from the imperial examinations.As an official,Yao Mian left behind public writing of article to the throne and private writing for official communication.The most important thing of this article to the throne for Yao Mian was political expression.His political philosophy was born in paper for the final imperial examination.He insisted on this "standing in the middle path" to appoint officials and"advocating telling the truth" in the all life of official.And try to seize every opportunity to convey the philosophy to the emperor.By the limited to style,based on the condition,the articles to the throne shown different writing characteristics and strategies.The private writing of officialdom social intercourse includes two kinds:qi,zhazi,letter and ci.The former suits for different social occasions and objects,and have different writing characteristics.Among them,in the writings of qi,zhazi and letters to the senior officials,there are exhortations in different degrees,which also reflect that Yao Mian's appeal to realize his political ideal through official communication.Meanwhile,influenced by the life of officialdom,ci also shown strongly social characteristics.Despite the suspicion of flattery and the disadvantages of stylized creation,the context of ci is also greatly expanded because they are sent to officials.The local scholar was Yao Mian's identity when living in his hometown.Because he passed the imperial examination and served as officers,Yao Mian had a high social status in the state,kept close contact with the local officials,and obtained many opportunities for creation.On the one hand,By the articles with strong public publicity nature,such as the inscription on public buildings,the organization of titles,the works for Buddhist temple,shu for blessing.Yao Mian have a chance to participant in the construction of local culture.On the other hand,he can guide the thoughts of the folks by the private architecture title,epitaph and other private works.At the same time,the experience of officialdom also greatly influenced Yao's personal mentality during his residence.He wanted to escape form the court.But because of the background of border trouble in late Song Dynasty,the feeling to hometown is same to the country,so he had to face the court.The contradiction is unified in his free and self-adaptive view of privacy.The identity of scholar-official was formed in the process of Yao Mian's transformation from a poor scholar to an official by the imperial examination.During this period,due to the study tours necessary for preparation of the examination,the frequent return and return caused by the rough enroll to the second imperial examination and the official career,it has more contacts with the vast community of the scholar of the Rivers and Lakes,his poetry and prose creation also presented a special style and value.