Research On The Concept Of Land Of Pre-qin

In the traditional academic view,the discussion of heaven is the mainstream of the study of pre-qin cosmology,while the discussion of land is rarely involved.The land is the foundation of human survival and development,and the possession and domination of the land is the fundamental purpose of all political activities.We can see that the intellectuals of the pre-qin period were in the process of deepening their understanding of the land,and gradually formed the concept of the land with multiple levels and rich contents.Therefore,this thesis' research on the concept of land in the pre-qin period mainly includes two aspects.One is people's concrete cognition of the space and orientation of the real land.The second is people's philosophical speculation on the "land law" as an abstract concept,which is juxtaposed with "heaven law" and " human law".The first is the study of the dynamic development of the concept of space and orientation of the land in the pre-qin dynasty.In the primitive society,although people formed a "ten-shaped" orientation,the land was only an "action space" under the emotional cognition of the ancestors,which did not include rational thinking.During the shang dynasty,the concept of abstract space came into being.People distinguished the specific orientation of the "four land" from the abstract spatial imagination of the "four land",and formed the cognition of the "?" shape of the earth.In the western zhou dynasty,"four lands","four directions" and "four kingdoms" all became abstract spatial concepts.The rulers established the concentric political boundary structure represented by "wufu" according to the relations of politics and blood relationship,which had a strict hierarchical order and a strong political tendency.Since the spring and autumn period,the land concept that regards Chinese culture as the center has gradually formed,such as "Central country","jiuzhou","the four seas",etc.The cultural identity and difference have become an important way for people to divide the land space.Before the spring and autumn period,the cognitive changing process of the real land reflected the increasing influence of religious and political factors on human concepts,and the development process of the concept of the land was a process in which people gradually made rational construction of abstract space instead of concrete land observation.After the spring and autumn period,it shows that in the social state with the breakdown of etiquette and law,the function of blood relationship and ethnic community weakened,and the identification of Chinese culture became the symbol to distinguish Huaxia Nationality from the Surrounding ethnic minorities.Then this thesis studies the characteristics of "land law" in different cosmic structures."Land law" is the cognition of the ancient philosophers about the intrinsic nature and order of the land.In the binary structure of heaven and land,the ancient philosophers interpreted the characteristics of "land law" from four aspects: First of all,the concept of the interaction between Yin and Yang has influenced people's deconstruction of the universe.Yang belongs to heaven and Yin to land,and the heaven and land interact with each other.And the idea that all things are born from this has become the idea universally accepted by all schools of thought.Secondly,because the land has the external expression of birth,upbringing and bearing of all things,various schools of thought have constructed the inherent attributes of the land such as meekness,modesty and tolerance.Moreover,in the pre-qin period,the concept of "heaven is noble and earth is humble" was first derived from people's observation of height of heaven and earth,which mapping in the human world becomes an ethical order of domination and obedience.Finally,the concept of "the earth is square" can be traced back to the primitive society at the earliest,which is not only an expression of people's square view of the land,but also a stable expression of the law of the land.With the incorporation of human into the cosmology,the order of the binary opposition of the universe thus becomes the "sancai" structure of the trinity of "heaven law","land law" and "human law".In the structure of "sancai","man takes heaven and earth as the law" is the main viewpoint of various schools of thought.It not only emphasizes the need for people to imitate the good virtue of "land law",such as selflessness,broadness and meekness,but also proposes to establish a corresponding social order in the world according to "land law" in terms of social governance due to the stability of the operation of the land.At the same time,the ancient philosophers' emphasis on the earth also went deep into social practice.The quality of land resources and geographical environment played a crucial role in the agricultural production,the success or failure of the war and the construction of the country in ancient China.In general,in the process of the transformation from the "binary" universe to the "sancai" system,the antagonism between "land law" and "heaven law" gradually weakened,the natural attribute and its invariable operation rule of "land law" in the binary cosmology of "heaven and land" began to be selected subjectively,and the natural attribute of the land turned to the humanistic attribute.To some extent,the cognition and interpretation of the land became the means for intellectuals to seek political discourse power in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period,as well as the theoretical model for them to reconstruct the social order.