| As a key and difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language,directional complement runs through the whole process of Chinese learning for foreign students.Among 28 directional complements,"Guolai"(which means "come")and "guoqu"(which means "go over")are two difficult grammatical points for foreign students because of their various extended meanings.Using the theory of cognitive metaphor,this study summarizes the previous research results on the semantics of "V guolai/guoqu",maps "V guolai/guoqu" from the spatial domain to the possess and control domain,communication domain,language domain,state domain,comparative domain and time domain,and combs out a more specific,detailed and systematic semantic framework of "V guolai/guoqu" phrase.According to the division of cognitive domains,this study investigates the mastery and application of different semantics in foreign students’ composition corpus and three sets of test papers from two aspects of natural corpus and dynamic corpus.It is found that there are following characteristics in the application of "V guolai/guoqu" phrase by foreign students:1.Overall,foreign students’ mastery and application of "V guolai" is better than "V guoqu".2.Generally speaking,the level of mastery and application of the phrase "V guolai/guoqu" by foreign students is as follows: spatial domain > cognitive domains with spatial attributes preserved > cognitive domains without spatial attributes.3.The level of foreign students’ use of the verb-tendency phrase "V guolai/guoqu" is mainly related to the strength of spatial attributes and the symmetry of domains in cognitive factors,the difficulty of verbs,teaching factors and the frequency of daily use:(1)The stronger the spatial attribute of phrases is,the higher the level of mastery and application of foreign students is.(2)Foreign students generally use symmetrical domain phrases better than asymmetrical domain phrases.(3)The more difficult the verb itself is,the lower the level of mastery and application of the whole "V guolai/guoqu" phrase is.(4)The level of mastery and application of cognitive domains as the teaching focus is better.While in the same cognitive domain,the typical phrases as the teaching focus often become the best part of students’ mastery.(5)The more closely related to daily life and the more frequently used,the higher the level of application of "V guolai/guoqu" is.In view of these application characteristics,this paper gives relatively reasonable explanations and puts forward corresponding teaching suggestions. |
