From (On Behalf On Neo To Empathy) To (On Behalf On Neo To Etiquette)

On the occasion of the Ming and Qing dynasty changes,scholars were in a time of huge revolution,their thoughts on academic development were all about reflecting previous Neo-Confucianism simultaneously.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,a changing society lead to moral depravity and misguided humanity,which made scholars criticized Neo-Confucianism comprehensively and profoundly.Scholars in the early Qing dynasty represented by Gu Yanwu,Huang Zongxi,Wang Fuzhi put forward more philosophical ideas of the time which based on deconstructing the philosophical system of Neo-Confucianism.This new concept conformed scholars' learning at that time,it emphasized human feelings,human desires and respecting the etiquette and moral,which pointed out the direction for the development of academics in the Qing dynasty.The influence of academics in the early Qing dynasty continued until Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.In the prosperous academic environment of the textual research,Daizhen,who is considered a master of the field,criticizing Neo-Confucianism profoundly according to evidentialism,he not only overturned the concept of Neo in Neo-Confucianism from the perspective of the textual research,but also criticized the Neo-Confucianism drive to eliminate human desire as an obstacle to rational investigation.Dai argued that human desire was integrated and reasonable part of the human experience,he paid attention on empathy rather than rules,these claims started philosophical connotations in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.Dai's academic philosophy,from characters to words,then Tao,which provided a model for the subsequent scholar,Ling Tingkan's methodology,finding truth in ancient codes and records.Ling,who is the master of etiquette of the generation,following Dai's claims,denying Neo completely.Ling argued that etiquette should be taken as the criterion,he claimed that the Tao of sages is all about etiquette.In addition,he put forward a more definite proposition,on behalf of Neo to Etiquette,which was based on Dai's claim,on behalf of Empathy to Neo,subverting the standard of learning Neo among Confucian scholars.On behalf of Neo to Etiquette claimed practicing and regulating etiquette as well as manner,focusing on human relations,which conformed practically the characteristics of the times of the development of Confucianism.Behind the Qing dynasty's revival of etiquette,Xunzi and his school were also concerned by scholars in Qing dynasty.From the factor of Xunzi and his school in Dai's claims,to the Ling's praise of Xunzi and his school,this new characteristics of Qing's academics has proven that Neo-Confucianism following Mengzi was substituted by philosophical connotations which is put forward by scholars in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods represented by Dai and Ling.Through this change,academics in Qing dynasty entered a new stage of Confucianism,this is also a significant landmark in the transformation of Chinese Confucian philosophy to modern philosophy.