| The paper takes the disyllable words in Jinping Documents as the research object,and focuses on the interpretation of the 45 sets of difficult disyllable words.It summarizes the use of Chinese,Miao and Dong when people write documents in Chinese in the Jinping area of the Qingshui River Basin,and tries to investigate the process of the nationalization of ethnic minorities in the Jinping area in the Qing dynasty,in order to explore the ethnic integration in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.There are 1862 disyllable words in Jinping Documents mainly nouns and verbs.Among them,nouns can be divided into 8 categories that include name of the contracts,nouns of tax and money,and name of lands and so on,while verbs can be classified into 18 categories which focus on trade,negotiation,accusation and etc.The article inspects disyllable words with emphasis on 45 groups of difficult disyllable words.It contains 25 sets of land nouns,including“Chongnao(冲脑),Dinao(地脑),Danao(大脑),Naojing(脑胫),Naopo(脑破),Naozi(脑子)”“Dahong(大鸿),Hongling(洪岭/岭洪),Honglu(洪路),Hongkou(洪口),Muhong(木洪)”“Panao(盘凹),Pancen(盘岑),Panling(盘岭),panlu(盘路),Panpo(盘坡),Pantian(盘田)”“Banbo(半玻/半波)、Bancen(半岑)”“Baibo(白波),Baipo(白坡),Paipo(排坡),Piepo(丿坡),Popo(迫坡)”“Bopo(帛坡),Bengpo(崩坡),Shanpi(山怶)”“Ranpo(冉坡)”“Baochong(宝冲),Baodian(包点),Bubao(布保)”“Laoshan(老山),Zhishan(知山),Shishan(示山)”“Dazhou(大咒)”“Lizui(犂嘴),Lijiao(黎角)”“Lingtian(令田)”“Juantian(捐田)”“Chonghao(冲壕),Haogou(濠沟),Haolao(濠老),Shuihao(水濠),Xihao(溪濠),Xiaohao(小壕)”“Yanao(岩凹),Yanban(岩板),Yanchong(岩冲),Yandui(岩堆),Yanhao(岩毫),Yanjiao(岩角),Yanjie(岩街/街岩),Yankan(岩坎),Yanliang(岩梁),Yanling(岩岭),Yanzui(岩嘴),Yanwu(岩屋)”“Aojing(坳颈),Aojiang(凹讲),Tujiang(凸讲)”“Langjiang(浪讲),Wangjiang(汪讲)”“Congjing(从颈),Conglu(从路)”“Dakou(大叩)”“Bashui(罢水)”“Yukou(玉口/遇口)”“Bentu(奔土)”“Fentang(坟堂),Tiantang(天堂/天塘)”“Gee(割额),Jiaken(夹垦/甲垦),Jianken(间垦),Tangken(堂垦)”“Fangdi(芳地),Fangpo(芳坡),Fangshan(芳山),Fangtian(芳田)”etc.;6 groups of title nouns,“Bokao(伯考),Enkao(恩考),Yankao(严考),Zukao(祖考)”“Egun(恶棍),Nüefu(疟妇),Nüegui(疟鬼),Nüepi(疟痞)”“Tongyuan(同缘)”“Yuanzhu(主)”“Wangong(晚公),Wanshu(晚叔),Wanye(晚爷)”“Wangshou(网首),Zhongwag(众网/众往)”etc.;3 groups of other nouns,“Bingju(柄据/炳据),Bingzhao(柄照)”“Biji(筚机)”“Yanlang(檐榔),Langjian(榔涧)”;11 groups of verbs,including“Diuqian(丢欠),Diutuo(丢托)”“Dingfen(丁分),Jinfen(今分/金分),Jufen(居分/拘分),Yuanding(远定)”“Fanwei(翻尾)”“Haoqiu(蒿秋)”“Kongjing(控经/经控),Kongzheng(控争/争控),Jukong(具控)”“Leici(累次),Leisheng(累生)”“Quanjie(劝解/解劝),Quangai(劝改/改劝)”“Sanza(叁杂/三杂)”“Xuhui(续回),Suhui(速回)”“Zuohuan(左换/佐换)”“Rencong(恁从、任从),Yingcong(应从)”and so on.The disyllable words in Jinping Documents are mainly from Chinese,and a small amount comes from Miao and Dong.If we take a look at the influence of Han culture on the village,we will discover that the people who live in Jinping County that is along Qingshui River contact with Han people and Han culture earlier than those in mountainous areas.Their mastery of Chinese and Chinese characters is slightly higher,and they embrace a deeper influence of Han culture. |
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