| As a subcategory of verbs,mental verbs have received extensive attention from the academic circle,and the research results keep emerging.In recent years,scholars have paid attention to the cross-domain semantic evolution of visual verbs,spoken verbs,hand action verbs and body action verbs into mental verbs.In order to systematically investigate the source domain of Chinese mental verbs,this paper discusses from the following three aspects based on the three-domain theory of “action,knowledge and speech”.First,the classification of Chinese mental verbs and the object of this paper.According to the academic research results,mental verbs can be divided into emotion,willingness and cognition.This paper takes the emotional mental verbs of “fear”,the mental verbs of “respect”and the cognitive psychological verbs of “know” as examples,according to the standard combination of dictionary dictionaries word choice determines the ji(忌)xi(惜)cai(猜)qie(怯/?)hai(骇)jing(惊/惊)hai(害)hui(讳)xiu(羞)pai(怕/迫)ji(悸)zhen(震)ju(遽)and wu(恶)are typical 14 “fear” words;yang(仰)zun(尊)zhan(瞻)shang(尚)xian(贤)gui(贵)zhong(重)chang(长)chong(崇)gao(高)zong(宗)zhen(珍)and other 12 “respect” meaning words;zhao(照)jie(解)tong(通)yu(谕/谕)da(达)pi(譬)hui(会)ming(明)xiao(晓)jian(见)xing(省)wu(悟)and xi(悉)are 13 “knowing” meaning words.Second,by sorting out the semantic evolution path of each word,determine and summarize the source domain.Based on a large number of handed down and unearthed documents,this paper investigates the evolution of mental verbs with the meanings of “fear”,“respect” and “know”,focuses on the diachronic evolution path from original meaning to psychological meaning,uses graphic method to present the semantic evolution,and determines the source of mental meaning of each word according to original meaning.It is found that the source domains of “fear” are mainly in the mental domain,the action domain and the notional domain;the source domains of “respect” are mainly in the action domain,the character domain and the notional domain;the source domains of “knowing” are mainly in the action domain,the notional domain,the visual domain and the mental domain.Third,summarize the commonalities and differences in the sources of Chinese mental verbs,and explore the mechanism and motivation of semantic evolution.We find that the action domain and the nominal-object domain are the two basic source domains of mental verbs,and there are two evolution paths from the action domain to the mental domain:“external action > psychology after perceiving action” and “subject action > psychology that induces action”;Mental domain is the common source domain of the mental verbs of “fear”and “knowing”.The character domain and the visual domain are the only source domains of the psychological verbs meaning “respect” and “know” respectively.It also explores the reasons behind the commonness by combining the autonomy of action,transitivity and semantic features of nominal-object words.At the synchronic level,modern Chinese dialects and English materials are used to prove the fact that common cross-language exists.Finally,the author tries to use the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics to explain the mechanism and motivation of the semantic evolution of mental verbs of “fear”,“respect” and “know”,and holds that the mechanism of the evolution is metaphor and metonymy,while the motivation is subjective. |
