Synchronistic And Diachronic Study Of The Heterogenous Words "gànmá(干吗)" And "gànmá(干嘛)"

"Gànmá(干吗)"and"gànmá(干嘛)"are homonymous synonymous heteromorphic words.The purpose of this paper is to put forward suggestions for the specification of heteromorphic words and the compilation of Chinese dictionaries through synchronic and diachronic studies of these two words.This paper is divided into six parts:the first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research object,research status and research methods of this paper;the second chapter is the micro-synchronic investigation of"gànmá(干吗)"and"gànmá(干嘛)",mainly from the perspective of the two words to express the meaning;the third chapter is the diachronic traceability study of"má(吗)"and"má(嘛)",analyzing the source of the interrogative pronoun"má(吗)"and the distribution of"má(嘛)"in specific dialects;the forth chapter is to investigate and analyse the social use of"gànmá(干吗)"and"gànmá(干嘛)"in the form of questionnaire and individual interviews;the fifth chapter is to put forward the views and suggestions of this paper on the specification of these two words.The sixth chapter is the conclusion.On the one hand,it summarizes the main research results of this paper,on the other hand,it points out the shortcomings and research prospects of this paper.The study founds that:on the diachronic level,the interrogative pronoun"má(吗)"originates from"má(么)"of"Shen me(什么)",which has experienced a diachronic evolution process,and the interrogative pronoun"má(嘛)"is mainly used in northern dialects,and is widely used in Beijing dialect,Tianjin dialect and Jinan dialect.There are slight differences in pronunciation and usage among these differentdialects.On the synchronic level,through the research of social questionnaire,we find that the overwhelming majority of the social population tend to use the form of"gànmá(干嘛)".To some extent,the use of"gànmá(干嘛)"has the characteristics of popularity,youth,female advantage and high educational level advantage.Finally,on the specification of the heteromorphic words"gànmá(干吗)"and"gànmá(干嘛)",this paper insists on the principle of universality and rationality as the supplement.This paper suggests"gànmá(干嘛)"as the recommended writing form.