A Study On The Heteromorphic Words In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China Based On A Hundred Kinds Of Vernacular Newspapers

The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was an important period in the history of Chinese development.It was a turning point from near-modern Chinese to modern Chinese.During this period,many language phenomena appeared due to the rapid development of language.Especially in the field of vocabulary,there were many phenomena of "one word with multiple forms",and the forms of word were relatively confused.Among them,recording the same word,with the same pronunciation and meaning were called heteromorphic words.Heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were numerous and characteristic.Studying the heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China can not only help us understand the language features of this period,but also provide guidance for the sifting and standardizing of modern Chinese heteromorphic words.In addition to the two parts of “introduction” and “conclusion”,the full dissertation is divided into six chapters.The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the topic,research status,research methods and corpus sources.This article selects 100 kinds of vernacular newspapers as research corpus such as the “China vernacular newspaper ” and “Anhui vernacular newspaper”,and uses the research methods of quantitative and qualitative,diachronic and synchronic,description and interpretation to conduct in-depth and detailed study on the heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.The first chapter describes the basic overview of the heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.We mainly discuss the judgment criteria,when judging heteromorphic words,it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple criteria,which are pronunciation criteria,semantics criteria,source criteria,and pragmatics criteria.We analyse the formation reasons of heteromorphic words,which were closely related to characteristics of Chinese characters,the psychology of using characters and the characteristics of the times.We discuss the distribution of the heteromorphic words from three dimensions by means of quantity statistics,which are the number of syllables,frequency of use,and whether it is series.The second chapter studies on the structure of the heteromorphic words.There are various types of heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,including simple heteromorphic words,compound heteromorphic words,additive heteromorphic words and overlapping heteromorphic words.By counting the number of heteromorphic words of different structural types,it is found that the number of compound heteromorphic words is the largest,and the semantic structure is diverse;while the number of simple heteromorphic words,additive heteromorphic words and overlapping heteromorphic words are relatively small.The third chapter studies on the semantic of heteromorphic words.Using the sememe system theory,this paper analyzes the systematicness of heteromorphic words,observes the semantic distribution of heteromorphic words,and combs the semantic relationships of heteromorphic words.The semantics of heteromorphic words presents a certain directionality,including one-way heteromorphic words and two-way heteromorphic words.The reasons behind this phenomenon are explored.The fourth chapter studies on the sources of the heteromorphic words.The sources of heteromorphic words were very extensive,mainly from three levels.From the perspective of characters,the variant characters,ancient and modern characters and interchangeable characters handed down in history of Chinese may produce heteromorphic words;From the perspective of phonetics,the existence of phonetic convergence,listening to sound as one word,and the text for recording sound may produce heteromorphic words;From the perspective of semantic,homologous derivation,"different routes to the same goal" in semantic evolution,and the reunderstand of word meanings may produce heteromorphic words.The fifth chapter studies on the development of the heteromorphic words.This article mainly discusses three developments of heteromorphic words: word form inheritance,word form substitution,and word form differentiation.Behind word form substitution,the language motivation mechanism and psychological cognitive mechanism play an important role.Word form differentiation mainly affected by the difference of morpheme,the change of word meaning,and the national language policy norms.The sixth chapter studies on the compilation and revision of heteromorphic words and dictionaries.Taking the "Chinese Dictionary" as an example,we point out the important value of heteromorphic words in the compilation of dictionaries in terms of enriching entries,supplementing meanings,ordering and supplementing evidence,and perfecting styles,etc.This article attempts to use the vernacular newspaper corpus in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China to replenish and correct the heteromorphic words included in the Chinese Dictionary.The conclusion summarizes the main points of the full text.The heteromorphic words in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China have the characteristics of a typical transitional stage: various types of structures,complex semantic relations,different usage situations,extensive sources of formation,and different development situations.Finally,the shortcomings of the article and the direction of future efforts are pointed out.