A Study On The Refugees In Shanxi In Ming Dynasty

The problem of refugees has always been a social problem faced by dynasties and valued by the rulers.The problem of refugees in Ming Dynasty also emerged endlessly,and was always in line with Ming Dynasty.The problem of refugees in the Ming Dynasty,especially in the northern areas,became more and more serious,which had a great impact on the stability and development of society.Shanxi,located on the northern border,is a frequent area of refugee problems in the Ming Dynasty,as well as an important source of inland refugees in Henan and Jingxiang,which deserves our special attention.The purpose of this paper is to study the related problems of the refugees in Shanxi in Ming Dynasty,in order to deepen the overall understanding of the problem of the refugees in Ming Dynasty,and further explore the inherent law of social development in Ming Dynasty.The main content of the paper includes the following four aspects:The first part is the study of the refugees in Shanxi in the early Ming Dynasty.In the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty,the phenomenon of refugees appeared in Shanxi.The main reasons for the emergence of refugees in the early period were the serious natural disasters,the contradiction between large population and small population in Shanxi,the invasion of Mongolian in the north and the massive outflow of refugees caused by dereliction of duty by local officials.However,in the early period of the Ming Dynasty,the government adopted measures such as exempting taxes and recruiting and comforting refugees,which did not further develop the refugees and did not have a great impact on the rule of the Ming Dynasty.The second part is the study of the refugees in Shanxi in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.During this period,due to the corruption of the government,various problems appeared in the country,the serious phenomenon of land annexation,taxes and corvee,various exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies,the invasion of the Mongolian people in the north and the invasion of natural disasters,all of which made the people unbearable and fled to the outside.in the middle and late Ming dynasty,there were more and more refugees.although the government was also implementing relief,its relief was not enough when there were many contradictions in the country.the peasant uprising caused by the refugees eventually became the grave digger of the Ming dynasty.The third part explores the flow direction of Shanxi refugees in the Ming Dynasty.Shanxi’s refugees include not only the outflow of Shanxi’s population,but also the outflow of foreign refugees into Shanxi.Overall,the outflow of Shanxi’s refugees is more than the inflow.The outflow population from Shanxi mostly flows to neighboring provinces and Northern Mongolia,while the influx population from Shanxi is mostly refugees from neighboring provinces.Many of the outflow and inflow refugees in Shanxi will continue to migrate after a short stay in order to seek a relatively stable living environment.The fourth part analyses the influence of Shanxi refugees.The outflow of Shanxi refugees had a far-reaching impact on the Ming Dynasty society,the local areas of Shanxi and the influx places of Shanxi refugees,and the influx of non-local refugees also had an important impact on Shanxi local.These impacts involve political stability,socio-economic and cultural exchanges and many other aspects.